Ingles Técnico Unidad 1

Transcripción

1 Ingles Técnico Unidad 1 La oración simple. Sujeto y predicado. El artículo: clase, uso y omisión. El sustantivo: número y género. El adjetivo descriptivo: su posición en la oración. El sustantivo empleado como adjetivo. El caso genitivo de los sustantivos. Pronombres nominativos. Verbo "TO BE": presente, pasado y futuro. Formas afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa. EL ARTICULO: existen dos clases - 1) DEFINIDO: the (el, la, lo, los, las). the analyst (el analista). the disk (el disco). 2) INDEFINIDO: a, an (un, una. No posee plurales). a computer, (una computadora). an information (una información) En ciertos casos, "the" no aparece en inglés, pero no debe omitirse en castellano. Computers are machines. Las computadoras son máquinas. No debe traducirse cuando resulta innecesario o puede confundir el significado de la frase en castellano. Peter is a computer operator. Pedro es operador de computadora. EL SUSTANTIVO REGULARES: forman su plural: 1) agregando "s": computer - computers (computadora/s). disk - disks (disco/s). storage - storages (almacenamiento/s). 2) agregando "es": process - processes (proceso/s). branch - branches (bifurcación/es). fax - faxes (facsímil/es). 3) cambiando "y" por "i" + es: frequency - frequencies (frecuencia/s). library - libraries (biblioteca/s). entry - entries (entrada/s). 4) cambiando "f" por "v" + es: half - halves (mitad/es). IRREGULARES: Cambiando vocales y consonantes: man - men (hombre/s). tooth - teeth (diente/s). mouse - mice (ratón/es). Los irregulares aparecen en el diccionario, no así los regulares, que deben buscarse en singular. Algunos sustantivos de origen griego o latino, conservan el plural derivado de dichas lenguas. datum - data (dato/s). medium - media (medio/s). minimum - minima (mínimo/s). analysis - analyses (análisis). criterion - criteria (criterio/s). formula - formulae/formulas (fórmula/s) basis - bases (base/s) axis - axes (eje/s)

2 Otros presentan una sola forma para singular y plural. species (especie). series (serie). apparatus (aparato). information (información). knowledge (conocimiento). EL ADJETIVO - es invariable en género y número. - precede al sustantivo. The new machines. (Las máquinas nuevas.) The old computer. (La computadora vieja.) - puede seguir al verbo predicativo "be" (ser o estar) The machines are new. (Las máquinas son nuevas.) The computer is old. (La computadora es vieja.) El sustantivo puede emplearse como adjetivo. - En algunos casos se emplea un guión entre las dos palabras. point-to-point line (línea punto a punto) quick-access memory (memoria de acceso rápido) - En ciertos casos el grupo se traduce como una sola palabra: flow-chart (diagrama) spark-plug (bujía) - Es frecuente encontrar mas de un adjetivo, o sustantivo en función de adjetivo, delante delante de un sustantivo. Modern program development tools. Instrumentos modernos para el desarrollo de programas. Indexed sequential access method. Método de acceso secuencial indexado. Es importante notar que en inglés siempre hay que referirse a la palabra situada en el último lugar del grupo, que es la que lo rige (núcleo). Generalmente el adjetivo modifica al núcleo del sujeto. EL GENITIVO ('S). El apóstrofe detrás de un sustantivo indica que a dicho sustantivo pertenece lo que sigue. Cuando el sustantivo termina en S, se emplea únicamente el apóstrofe. The programmer's task. (La tarea del programador.) Mr. Jones' instruction. (La instrucción del señor Jones.) PRONOMBRES NOMINATIVOS: Indican la persona gramatical y desempeñan la función del sujeto. I: yo (se escribe siempre con mayúscula) YOU: usted, vosotros/as, ustedes, vos (voz familiar) HE: él SHE: ella IT: él, ella, ello (Su traducción depende del contexto. Por lo general no se traduce.) WE: nosotros, nosotras THEY: ellas, ellos En general, no es imprescindible traducirlos. EL VERBO "TO BE" puede tener distintas traducciones: - SER: I am a programmer./soy programador. He is an engineer./él es ingeniero. They are computers./son computadoras. - ESTAR: Your program is failing./su programa está fallando. This statement is in the right place./esta sentencia está en el lugar correcto.

3 AFIRMATIVO INTERROGATIVO NEGATIVO P I am (I m) am I? I am not (I m not) R you are (you're) are you? you are not (you aren't) E he is (he's) is he? he is not (he isn't) S she is (she's) is she? she is not (she isn't) E it is (it's) is it? it is not (it isn't) N we are (we're) are we? we are not (we aren't) T you are (you're) are you? you are not (you aren't) E they are (they're) are they? they are not (they aren't) P I was was I? I was not (I wasn't) A you were were you? you were not (you weren't) S he was was he? he was not (he wasn't) A she was was she? she was not (she wasn't) D it was was it? it was not (it wasn't) O we were were we? we were not (we weren't) you were were you? you were not (you weren't) they were were they? they were not (they weren't) F I will be (I'll be) will I be? I will not be (I won t be) U you will be (you'll be) will you be? you will not be(you won t be) T he will be (he'll be) will he be? he will not be (he won't be) U she will be (she'll be) will she be? she will not be (she won't be) R it will be (it'll be) will it be? it will not be (it won't be) O we will be (we'll be) will we be? we will be (we won't be) you will be (you'll be) will you be? you will not be (you won't be) they will be (they'll be) will they be? they will not be (they won't be) El auxiliar 'shall', en la actualidad practicamente en desuso, cumple la misma función del auxiliar 'will'.

4 TRABAJO PRACTICO DE LA UNIDAD Nº 1: Traducir: Exercise 1: A program An instruction An algorithm A channel A disk The diskette The result The data The hardware The software The index The series A series The bases The axes The command The statement The screen The process Exercise 2: An electronic machine. A modern science An analog computer A magnetic tape A dual function The old datum The bad data A binary counter The new program A terminal equipment A chain code The memory locations The error messages The set of characters Exercise 3: The supervisor's order The computer s memory An analyst s work Mr. Perez system Mrs. Jones tasks Exercise 4: A new data set The expensive IBM system software Computers and programmer's abilities The old and modern virtual machine The task and storage management

5 Exercise 5: Mary is an operator It is in the computer We are the new programmers They weren t analysts Will they be there? The sentence was clear The short statement is here The terminal equipment is heavy It is old information The new site is in the Web He will be an engineer Was he the web designer? Were you a programmer? Wasn t it the right number? Messages are not important Programmers will be explicit The notebook was small Computers are special elechtronic machines Were they the old programs or the news? Laser printers are cheap The screen is empty Constants are numeric values The program is in the computer s memory Visual Basic is a special language Space between words is not critical