INDEX. stressed, unstressed, possessive pronouns, 57 58

Transcripción

1 a condición de que, 354 a fin de que, 367 a lo, 144 a medida que, 347 a menos que, 354 a no ser que, 354 a pesar de que, 390 A, the personal a, 70 abbreviations, 260 abstract nouns, 95, 143 accent marks, 13 acción progresiva, 167, 171 acento diacrítico, 16 acento enfático, 17 active voice, 191 adding, 282 adjectives, as abstract nouns, 95 as nouns, 95 descriptive, 93 distinguishing, 93 position to noun, 93 unknown quantity with lo, 95 adjective clauses, adónde, 218 adonde, 226 adondequiera, 342 adverbs, categories of, 125 descriptive, 122 differentiating from adjectives, 123 of time, 122 position in sentence, 122 adverbial clauses, of cause, 364 of condition, 354 of finality, 368 of mode, 360 time clauses, 347 affirmation, 254 agent of action, 190, 249 agudas, 11 algo, alguien, alguno, 59, 115 alphabet, 2 ambos, 59, 116 and, 76 andar + gerundio, 171 antes de que, 347 apócope, 100 alguno, 101 bueno, 101 of certain adjectives, 101 ciento, 100 cualquiera, 100 grande, 101 malo, 101 ninguno, 101 postrero, 101 primero, 101 tercero, 101 Santo, 101 of certain possessive adjectives, 100 aquél, 59, 112 aquélla, 59, 112 aquello, 59, 112 articles, 34 as (tan como), 128 as if, 386 as much (tanto como), 131 atona, 11 aunque, Bécquer, Gustavo Adolfo, 443 both, 116 cada, 116 capitalization, 260, 263 cognates, 3 commands, formal, informal, nosotros, 210 vosotros, cómo, 218 como, 363 como quiera, 342 como si clauses, 387 comparisons, complement clause, 79 compound tenses, 180 con el objecto de que, 367 con la intención de que, 367 con lo, 145 con tal que, 354 con vistas a, 367 conditional tense, 403 conjugation, 314, 407 -CAR verbs, 416 -GAR verbs, 417 -GER verbs, 415

2 -GIR verbs, 415 -GO verbs, 415 -GUAR verbs, 417 -GUIR verbs, 416 I Y spell changing, 419 imperfecto de subjuntivo, 315 irregular in commands, 423 irregular in past indicative only, 420 irregular in past participles, 423 irregular in preterit, 420 irregular in the conditional, 423 irregular in the future tense, 423 irregular in the imperfect, 420 J verbs in preterit, 420 past-indicative verb tense, 420 past-subjunctive, 315 presente de subjuntivo, 314 president subjunctive, 314 regular verbs, 409 spelling to match phonetics, 415 stem-changing -ER, -AR verbs, 410 stem-changing -IR verbs, 412 U verbs in preterite, 421 -UIR verbs, 419 -ZAR verbs, 417 -ZCO verbs, 415 conjunctions, coordinating, 76 list of subordinate, 77 subordinate, 76 conmigo, 54 conocer, 235, 303 consigo, 54 consonant sounds, 6 contigo, 54 contractions, 24, 75 corchetes, 3 counting, 282 crecer, 83 Cruz, Celia, 441 cuál o qué, 217, 223 cualesquiera, 342 cualquiera, 61, 63, 117, 342 cuan, 229 cuando, 347 cuando quiera, 342 cuánto, 218, 223 cuyo, 228 dance, 495 D.A.Z.ION, 29 date, 272 days, 272 de ahí que, 367 de la manera que, 371 de modo que, 371 deber, 164, 304 debido a, 363 definite article "the," 35 contractions of, 27 neutered (lo), 40 when required, 37 degrees of possibilities, 395 demonstrative adjective, demonstrative pronouns, después de que, 347 diptongos, and accent marks, 20 and the letter Y, 20 diptongos crecientes, 19 diptongos decrecientes, 19 diptongos homogeneas, 20 direct pronouns, discurso indirecto, 399 dividing, 282 dónde, 218, 226 dondequiera, 342 él, el Águila y el Nopal, 437 el Templo Mayor, 439 el cual, 228 el porqué, 250 el que, el, masculine definite article, 35 ella, ellas, 49 ello, 55 ellos, 48 en caso de que, 354 en cuando, 347 en vista de que, 359 esdrújulas, 12 ese, ésa, eso, 59, 112 eso, 55, 59 essential phrases, 425 estar, 79, 86 estar, imperfecto o pretérito, 307 éste, ésta, ésto, 59, 112 even though, 390 every, 116 exclamations, 222 family names, 289

3 forma reduplicativa, 405 formal commands, 207 future tense, 401 futuro compuesto, 181, 401 gender of nouns, 26 gender rules, gender rule exceptions, género de los sustantivos, gerundio, 171 definition of, andar, ir, seguir, venir, 171 as an adverb, 172 gerundio compuesto, 182 gerundio with reflexive pronouns, 195 gestures, 429 gracias a, 363 Greek origin words, 30 greetings, 425 gustar, 186 hasta que, 347 hay vs. estar, 256 hay que, 164 hiato, 21 accentual, 21 simple, 21 vocálico, 21 however, 342 if clauses, 380 imperative verb tense, 204, 213 imperfecto, imperfecto de indicative, 325 imperfecto de subjuntivo, 325 in spite of, 390 indefinite adjective, indefinite article, when required, 39 indefinite expressions, 342 indefinite pronouns, indirect pronouns, with reflexive pronouns, 196 indirect questions, 219 idioms, 432 infinitive, to express an obligation, 164 with object pronouns, 160 with prepositions, 162 informal commands, interrogatory adjective, 223 interrogatory pronouns, introductions, 425 ir + gerundio, 172 just like, 144 L.O.N.E.R.S, 28 la, definite article, 35 la Llorona, 434 las, plural definite article, 35 legends, 434 like, comparison, 144 linking verbs, llanas, 11 llevar vs. tomar, 406 lo + adjective, 95, 143 lo, neutered definite artcle, 40, 58 lo cual, 227 lo mismo, 149 lo que, 227 lo que con dichos, 406 locuciones preposicionales, 74 los, plural definite article, 35 luego que, 347 Marti, Jose, 442 más, 134 mayor, 140 mejor, 140 menor, 140 menos, 134 mientras, 347 mismo, 115, months, 272 mucho, 61, 115 multiplying, 282 music, 495 myths, 434 nadie, 61 names, female, 293 names, male, 292 negative and affirmative adjective, 115 negation, 115, 254 nexos, 76 ninguno, 61 nonexistent negative expression, 333 nosotros, nouns, noun clauses, from advice, 328 with the conditional, 322 numbers, 278 object pronouns, with commands, 205, 207, 210, 213

4 with gerundio, 168 with the infinitive, 160 ocurre que, 359 online resources, 450 or, 76 ordinal numbers, 283 otro, 61 para, 242 para qué, 217, 249 para que, 249, 367 pasa que, 359 passive voice, 191 past participle, 175 with si clauses, 380 with aunque, 390 with conditional tense, 322 with. indefinite expressions, 342 with pesar de que, 390 with relative pronouns, 337 past participles as adjectives, 175 past perfect in the subjunctives, 324 past perfect indicative, 180 pedir, 238 pensar, 304 peor, 140 perfect tense, 177 perfecto de indicative, 177, 324 perfecto de subjuntivo, 324 pero, 239 personal pronouns, pesar de que, 390 phonetics, 1 22 plural, an accent marks, 33 of nouns, 32 of surnames, 33 pluscuamperfecto de indicative, 180, 323 pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo, 322 poco, 59 poder, 303 poems, 441 polite requests, 406 ponerse, 83 por, 242 por + adjective/adverb + que, 375 por culpa de, 363 por qué, 217, 249 por que, 249 porque, 249, 363 possessive adjective, 102 stressed, unstressed, possessive pronouns, with reflexive pronouns, 197 potencial compuesto, 181, 404 prefixes, 294 preguntar, 238 prepositions, 74, 162 with the infinitive, 162 commonly used, 75 contractions of, 75 prepositional pronouns, present participle, 156, 167 with reflexive pronouns, 196 present participles as adverbs, 172 present perfect in the subjunctive, 324 pretérito, , 323 pretérito anterior, 180, 323 progressive action, 167, 171 proverbs, 432 puesto que, 363 que, 76, 223, , 310 qué + haber + future tense, 287 qué or cuál, 217, 223 qué tal, 287 qué tan, 287 querer, 303 questions, 286 quién, quinceaňera, 290 quienquiera, 59, 61, 342 reflexive action, reflexive pronouns, relative pronouns, with affirmative commands, 196 in questions, 197 triggering the subjunctive, 337 with indirect obj. pronouns, 197 with present participle, 196 reflexive verbs, verb list, 198 requiring prepositions, meaning changes if reflexive, 197 saber, 235, 303 salvo que, 354 sayings with lo que, 405 se for unplanned event, 189 se with passive voice, 191 seguir + gerundio, 171 ser, 79, 86, 307 in the imperfecto or pretérito, 307

5 schwa, 5 si clauses, 380 sin que, 367 sinalefa, 22 sinéresis, 22 sino, 239 sino que, 239 sobresdrújulas, 12 subjunctive, subjunctive adjective clauses, subjunctive adverbial clauses, of cause, 363 of concession, of condition, 354 of finalidad, 367 of mode, 359 time clauses, 346 as if clauses, 386 if clauses, with por + adjective + que, 375 subjunctive conjugation, 314 subjunctive noun clauses, subjunctive overview, subordinate conjunctions list, 378 subtracting, 282 sucede que, 359 suffixes, 295 superlatives, 136 suponiendo que, 354 surnames, 289, 291 syllables, 9-11 closed, 9 opened, 9 stressed, 11 symbol keys, 23 tal como, 144 tan como, 128 tan pronto como, 347 tanto como, 131 telenovelas, 451 tener, 84, 303 tener que, 164, 303 teniendo en cuenta que, 359 that, 59, 76, 112, 225 tiempos compuestos, 180 tilde, 11 time, 274 titles of respect, 289 to be, 79, 86 to become, 83 to grow, 83 to suddenly become, 83 todo, 59 tónica, 11 traditions, 437 triptongos, 19 tú, 49 un = "a," indefinite article, 35 una = "a," indefinite article, 35 unas = "some," indefinite article, 35 usted, 46 uno, 59 unspecified relatives, venir + gerundio, 172 verb conjugation, 407, 314 volverse, 83 vos, 49 vosear, 49 voseo, 49 vosotros, 49, 214 vuestro, 104, 106 weather, 268 whatever, 342 whenever, 342 wherever, 342 whoever, 342 ya que, 363 yo, 46