UNIDAD 2 Lección 1 México Tema: Somos estudiantes In this lesson you will learn to talk about daily schedules ask and tell time say what you have and have to do say what you do and how often you do things using the verb tener and tener que expressions of frequency present tense of -ar verbs Recuerdas? after-school activities days of the week Vocabulario Unidad 2 Lección 1 Tell Time and Discuss Daily Schedules 1. A qué hora es? At what time is? 2. Qué hora es? What time is it? 3. A la At o clock. 4. A las At o clock. 5. Es la It is o clock. 6. Son las It is o clock. 7. de la mañana in the morning (with a time) 8. de la tarde in the afternoon (with a time) 9. de la noche at night (with a time) 10. la hora hour; time 11. el horario schedule 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 1
12. menos to, before (telling time) 13. el minuto minute 14. y cuarto quarter past 15. y (diez) (ten) past 16. y media half past Describe Classes School Subjects 17. el arte art 18. la banda band 19. la biología biology 20. las ciencias science 21. el coro choir 22. la educación física physical education 23. el español Spanish 24. la historia history 25. la hora de estudio study hall 26. el inglés English 27. las matemáticas math 28. la tarea homework 29. la orquesta orchestra 30. la prueba test, quiz 31. la química chemistry 32. la respuesta answer Classroom Activities 33. contestar to answer 34. enseñar to teach 35. llegar to arrive 36. necesitar to need 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 2
37. preguntar To ask 38. sacar una buena nota to get good grades 39. sacar una mala nota to get bad grades 40. terminar to finish 41. tomar apuntes to take notes 42. usar la computadora to use the computer Describe Frequency 43. de vez en cuando once in a while 44. muchas veces often, many times 45. mucho a lot 46. nunca never 47. siempre always 48. todos los días every day Other Words and Phrases 49. casi almost 50. Cuántos(as)? How many? 51. difícil difficult 52. en in 53. el examen (pl. los exámenes) exam, test 54. fácil easy 55. hay there is, there are 56. muchos(as) many 57. tarde late 58. temprano early 59. tener que to have to 60. otra vez again 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 3
Números Generally numbers 0 through 30 are written as one word. cero 0 diez 10 veinte 20 uno 1 once 11 veintiuno 21 dos 2 doce 12 veintidós 22 tres 3 trece 13 veintitrés 23 cuatro 4 catorce 14 veinticuatro 24 cinco 5 quince 15 veinticinco 25 Seis 6 dieciséis 16 veintiséis 26 siete 7 diecisiete 17 veintisiete 27 ocho 8 dieciocho 18 veintiocho 28 nueve 9 diecinueve 19 veintinueve 29 treinta 30 The numbers dieciséis, veintidós, veintitrés and veintiséis have an accent mark. LOS NÚMEROS 30-100 + Numbers 30 to 99 are written as three separate words. Hyphens are never used in Spanish for numbers. treinta 30 uno 1 cuarenta 40 y dos 2 cincuenta 50 tres 3 sesenta 60 cuatro 4 setenta 70 cinco 5 ochenta 80 seis 6 noventa 90 siete 7 ocho 8 nueve 9 100 - cien 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 4
Examples: treinta y uno 31 cuarenta y dos 42 cincuenta y tres 53 sesenta y cuatro 64 setenta y cinco 75 ochenta y seis 86 TELLING TIME What is often used for time expression is the same as in English which is digital time. With this method you must know numbers 1 59 while the old fashion way only requires that numbers 1 30. Es la una y cuarenta y cinco. It s 1:45. Son las siete cincuenta y nueve It s 7:59. Here s is the old fashion way of telling time In expressing the time of day, it is is expressed as es la (for one o clock), and son las for the other hours (two o clock, three o clock, etc.). Es la una. Son las dos (tres, etc.). Son las (número). Es mediodía. Es medianoche. It is one o clock. It is two (three, etc.) o clock. It is (number) o clock. It is noon. It is midnight. Time after the hour and including the half hour is expressed by the hour + y, followed by the number of minutes. A quarter after is expressed by y cuarto. For half past the hour the expression y media is used. 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 5
Es la una Son las (número). y número. cuarto. It is one o clock.} and {number of minutes.} It is a quarter after (number) hour. media treinta. It is half past one o clock. It is half past (number) o clock. Es la una y diez. Son las tres y cinco. Son las cuatro y quince. Son las diez y cuarto. Son las seis y treinta. Es la una y media. It is 1:10. It is ten (minutes) after one. It is 3:05. It is five (minutes) after three. It is 4:15. It is a ten (minutes) after four. It is 10:15. It is a quarter after ten. It is 6:30. It is six thirty. It is half past six. It is 1:30. It is half past one o clock. It is one thirty. For time after the half hour but before the hour, the next hour is used and the following: Es la una It (numbers of minutes) to one. número. menos It is one o clock minus (number) of minutes. cuarto. It is (number) o clock minus a Son las (número). quarter of an hour. It a quarter to (number) of hour. Es la una menos cinco. Son las ocho menos cuarto Son las siete menos veinte. Son las nueve menos ocho. It is 12:55. It is five minutes to one. It is 7:45. It is a quarter to eight. It is 6:40. It is twenty minutes to seven. It is 8:52. It is eight minutes to nine. Note: Instead of media and cuarto the number of minutes may be used (treinta, quince). 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 6
Be careful to distinguish between what time it is and at what time something occurs. It is is expressed by Son las or Es la Qué hora es? Son las dos y cuarto. What time is it? It s two-fifteen. At is expressed by A las or A la A qué hora es la clase? At what time is the class? A las dos y media. At two-thirty. In Spanish, a.m. = de la mañana, and p.m. = de la tarde (from 12:00 noon to dark) and de la noche (after dark). 9:15 a.m. las nueve y cuarto de la mañana 4:50 p.m. las cinco menos diez de la tarde When no specific hour is mentioned, the expressions por la mañana, por la tarde and por la noche are used. Tengo matemáticas por la mañana, historia por la tarde y computación por la noche. Many schedules buses, trains, planes, theaters, and museums use a twenty-four-hour clock. In other words, after 12:00 noon, the hours are 13,00 h. through 24,00 h. (1:00 p.m. 12:00 midnight). Note: h = horas. 15,00 h. = las tres de la tarde. 20,30 h. = las ocho y media de la noche. 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 7
In order to convert back to twelve-hour time, you must subtract twelve from the hour. OTHER TIME EXPRESSIONS Qué hora es? What time is it? a qué hora? at what time? a la una at one o clock a las dos (tres, etc.) at two (three, etc.) o clock de la mañana in the morning, A.M. de la tarde in the afternoon, P.M. de la noche in the evening (usually after 7:00P.M.) Es mediodía. It is noon. a mediodía at noon. Es medianoche. It is midnight. a medianoche at midnight Es tarde. It is late. a tiempo on time en punto exactly, sharp mañana por la mañana tomorrow morning 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 8
Time after the hour and including the half hour is expressed by the hour + y, followed by the number of minutes. A quarter after is expressed by cuarto. For half For time after the half hour but before the hour, the next hour is used, menos and the number of minutes before the hour. 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 9
Tener The verb tener (to have) is used to talk about things or activities that you have. The verb Tener (to have) has the following forms: yo tengo nosotros tenemos tú tienes vosotros tenéis usted ustedes ellos tienen él tiene ellas ella Tienen ustedes el video? No tenemos clase hoy. Do you have the video? We do not have class today. Tener is also used to express age and must have the word años after the number. Tener número años. Tengo veintiún años. Ella tiene quince años. I'm twenty-one (years old). She's fifteen (years old). To talk about what you are obligated to do to have to we use tener que + infinitive Tengo que estudiar. Miguel tiene que leer un libro. Yo tengo que hacer la tarea. I have to study. Miguel has to read a book I have to do homework. 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 10
Expressions of Frequency The following words express varying degrees of frequency from never to always. nunca never todos los días everyday raras veces rarely frecuentemente frequently a veces sometimes siempre Always de vez en cuando occasionally muchas veces many times Ellos nunca escriben cartas. Nosotros a veces hablamos en español. Yo siempre estudio en casa. The expressions of frequency siempre and nunca are usually placed before the verb. Antonio siempre toma apuntes. Rafael nunca llega a clase tarde. Antonio always takes notes. Rafael never arrives late to class. Mucho is usually placed after the verb. Raquel estudia mucho. Raquel studies a lot. De vez en cuando, muchas veces, and todos los días are usually placed at the beginning or the end of the sentence. Todos los días Jaime trabaja. Jaime works every day. Jaime trabaja todos los días. 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 11
Present tense of ar verbs You already know that the infinitive forms of Spanish verbs always end in ar, -er, or ir. The largest group of verbs end in ar. You will want to use verbs in ways other than in the infinitive form. To create the forms of most ar verbs, you first drop th ar from the infinitive, leaving the stem. Regular ar verb endings (yo) -o (tú) -as Usted (él) - a (ella) (nosotros) -amos (nosotras) (vosotros) -áis (vosotras) Ustedes (ellos) - an (ellas) Vomitar is one of these ar verbs. vomitar vomit- infinitive verb stem Then you add the verb ending o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, or an to them stem. 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 12
Vomitar I vomit I am vomiting I do vomit nosotros vomitamos We vomit We are vomiting We do vomit yo vomito nosotras vomitamos You vomit You are vomiting You do vomit tú vomitas vosotros vomitáis vosotras vomitáis You (formal) vomit You (formal) are vomiting You (formal) do vomit Usted vomita Ustedes vomitan You (familiar plural) vomit You (familiar plural) are vomiting You (familiar plural) do vomit. You all vomit You plural are vomiting. You all do vomit. You (formal pl) vomit You (formal pl) are vomiting You (formal pl) do vomit he vomits he is vomiting he does vomit él vomita ellos vomitan they vomit they are vomiting they do vomit she vomits she is vomiting she does vomit ella vomita ellas vomitan 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 13
Here are the forms of hablar: (yo) hablo (tú) hablas Usted (él) habla (ella) (nosotros) (nosotras) (vosotros) (vosotras) Ustedes (ellos) (ellas) hablamos habláis hablan In Spanish, the present tense form of a verb can be translated into English in three ways: Hablo español. I speak Spanish I am speaking Spanish. I do speak Spanish. The verb endings always indicate who is doing the action. In this case, they tell who is speaking. Because of this, you can often use the verb without a subject: Hablo inglés. Hablas español? Subject pronouns are often used for emphasis or clarification. Ella habla inglés pero él habla español. 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 14
-ar verbs alquilar un DVD andar en patineta comprar contestar cuidar niños descansar dibujar enseñar escuchar música estudiar hablar por teléfono Llegar manejar mirar la televisión montar en bicicleta necesitar pasar un rato con los amigos pasear pintar practicar deportes preguntar preparar la comida sacar una buena nota sacar una mala nota terminar tocar la guitarra tocar un instrumento tomar apuntes trabajar usar la computadora to rent a DVD to skateboard to buy to answer to baby-sit to rest to draw to teach to listen to music to study to talk on the phone to arrive to drive to watch television to ride a bike to need to spend time with friends to go for a walk to paint to practice/play sports To ask to prepare food/a meal to get good grades to get bad grades To finish to play the guitar to play an instrument to take notes to work to use the computer 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 15
When two verbs go walking Man Pedro, you are so lucky you don t have to talk People always look at me to see what s going on, who is doing what blah, blah, blah Grrr If I could talk, I wouldn t be on this stinking leash letting you control everything! The first verb does the talking. (i.e. in verb pairs, only the first verb is conjugated and the second stays in the infinitive) When two verbs go walking the first does the talking To conjugate or NOT to conjugate: Infinitive Phrases Common Infinitive Phrases Prepositional phrases are generally followed by an infinitive. Such as: Antes de Después de Me gusta + infinitivo Deber + infinitive Necesitar + infinitive Tener que + infinitive I like + infinitive Should + infinitive To need to + infinitive To have to + infinitive Ejemplos: Ustedes necesitan estudiar mucho para las pruebas. You all need to study a lot for the quizzes. Ellos tienen que estudiar mucho para las pruebas. They have to study a lot for the quizzes. 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 16
Antes de comer una hamburguesa debes lavarte las manos. Before eating a hamburger you should wash your hands. Después de comer, debes descansar un poco. After eating, you should rest a little. Nos gusta andar en patineta. We like to skateboard. Expansión de Vocabulario Tell Time and Discuss Daily Schedules la medianoche el mediodía Describing Classes la asignatura las ciencias sociales la geometría la geografía el algebra la lengua el idioma la literatura la química In school la asamblea el recreo Describe Frequency cada a veces Con qué frecuencia? rara vez Other Words and Phrases esperar mientras midnight noon school subject social studies geometry geography algebra language language literature chemistry assembly recess, break each sometimes how often? rarely to wait (for) while 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 17
UNIDAD 2 Lección 1 Chapter Notes TELLING TIME Vocabulario Unidad 2 Lección 1 Tener Números Expressions of Frequency LOS NÚMEROS 30-100 + Present tense of ar verbs When two verbs go walking 11/15/2013 9:08:33 AM 18