ARCHAEOMAP. Edited by S. Tusa & G. Brancato

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1 ARCHAEOMAP Edited by S. Tusa & G. Brancato

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4 Achaeomap - Archaeological Management Policies Project Coordinator Sebastiano Tusa Project Manager and relation with EC Giacoma Brancato Directorate General for Research Directorate I - Enviroment Unit I 3 «Enviromental technologies and pollution prevention» Project officer Michel Chapuis Scientific Coordinator Mustafa El tayeb - Sebastiano Tusa Scientific Director Salvatore Alessandro Giannino Administrative and documentary management area Maria Concetta Dell'Aira Comunication area, Web area and Public Relations Office Salvatore Emma Archaeological area Nicolò Bruno Philippe Tisseyre Sustainable development area Manuel Bellafiore Roberto Morinilli Translations Monica Bove Graphic and pagination Vincenzo Cucchiara Carmelo Sebbio Photos Partners archives Novembre 2009 All Right Reverved The ARCHAEOMAP coordination project has been funded by the European Commission under the "Scientific Support to Policy" Programme of the sixth EU Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (contract n ). Archaeomap : archaeological management policies. - Palermo : Regione siciliana, Assessorato dei beni culturali e dell'identità siciliana, Dipartimento dei beni culturali e dell'identità siciliana, ISBN Archeologia Paesi mediterranei CDD-22 SBN Pal CIP - Biblioteca centrale della Regione siciliana Alberto Bombace

5 Table of contents Introduction by Sebastiano Tusa Summaries Chapter I Chapter II The ARCHAEOMAP project 1.1 Archaeological Management Policies by Giacoma Brancato and Sebastiano Tusa The pilot sites 2.1 The sea of Egadi by Sebastiano Tusa 2.2 Villefranche-sur-Mer by Dominique Tailliez La fachada maritima da Ampurias by Xavier Nieto Sinis by Francesco Cubeddu, Sergio Frau and Mario Tozzi L épave de la Lomellina 83 by Max Guerout 2.6 The Megalithic Temple Complex of Kordin III, Malta 95 by Jonathan Borg 2.7 Pharos Island of Alexandria, Egypt 101 by Alaa El-Din Mahrous Mahmoud 2.8 Applying a Conservation Prioritization approach to Submerged and Coastal Heritage Sites 107 by Darren Andrew Fa,Geraldine Finlayson and Clive Finlayson 2.9 Tyre - South Lebanon 117 by Assaad Seif in collaboration with Alexandre Sursock, Sami el-masri and Imma Plana Chapter III The O.N.G. contribution to the diffussion of culture 3.1 The Bourbon Arsenal of Palermo by Pietro Maniscalco 3.2 Importanza della conservazione del patrimonio culturale e la diffusione delle informazioni by Rita Cedrini Chapter IV Bibliography Guidelines for sustainable development of coastal and underwater archaeological sites 4.1 Sustainable development 145 by Salvatore Giannino 4.2 Environmental Initial Analysis for underwater and coastal sites by Giacoma Brancato and Manuel Bellafiore 4.3 Indicators for Integrated coastal management (ICOM) 165 by Salvatore Giannino

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9 Introduction Experience and teaching from Archeomap Underwater and submarine archaeology is widely discussed and big scientific, economic, recreative and cultural interests are born around this discipline that can be considered one of the latest arisen from the historical-archaeological sciences. Research on deep sea, besides giving life to dreams and driving consistent economic interests, over its implicit attractiveness reserving original as well as unusual surprises and potentialities, it remains above all a discipline of historical character strictly linked to human history and to its relations with the sea. Sailing or warring sea ships were a little and closed universe gathering a highly representative sample of the society of their age and of the history of that times. It's with underwater archaeological research that there is the possibility to contribute, sometimes decisively, in the analysis of trade, of transports and of the ancient port system management. Underwater archaeology has started to take significant steps forward when, in the post war period, it invented the air aqualung. As from that time, a lot of initiatives, tours de reconnaissance and researches carried out in different parts of the world can be counted. The results are encouraging and the present wide interest over this sector of the historical research demonstrates it. Nevertheless, a lot has still to be done. Archaeomap is part of a process of innovation in methodologies and techniques applied in the sector of underwater and naval archaeological research. Under the UNESCO aegis, it aims at homogenizing the national levels of efficiency and efficacy reached in research, safeguard and in turning the underwater cultural heritage into better account. It aims at putting into practice and at diffusing the best practices of 2001 UNESCO Convention for safeguarding the underwater cultural heritage. It aims at reaffirming the professional role of the experts establishing a clear separation between underwater free time practice and voluntary service from one side and professionalism on the other one. At the same time it aims at recovering the fundamental role of the volunteers giving emphasis to the moral contents of their contribution. Moreover, Archaeomap wants to stigmatize as extremely negative every tentative to make profit from underwater cultural heritage stimulating and intensifying the struggle against the seekers of treasures and the grave robbers of the sea. The big possibilities that the technology developed in the field of researches and of the oceanographic activities offers are drawn in the archaeological research with unquestionable successes. Nevertheless it is necessary both greater attention and more investments within the framework of a greater coordination among different scientific sectors still far off and private areas of intervention that have developed a wide experience at national and international level. Archaeomap contributes with seriousness and competence, as well as with incisiveness and determination, at increasing the research scientific level, at optimizing the safeguard and at making more efficacious the improvement of the underwater cultural heritage taking into consideration that it is not an inexhaustible or a renewable source. What is important is to assure the moral rigour and the professional ethic that must stand below every single operation linked to the management of the underwater cultural heritage: this through some principles that Archaeomap has worked out and compared sharing them with the different national experiences. The boundless underwater museum needs attention and professional rigour that have to be built thanks to comparison and international cooperation sustained by theexciting experience gained with Archaeomap. 009

10 Archaeomap - Archaeological Management Policies PARTNERS Soprintendenza del Mare Via Lungarini, Palermo - Italy Phone: Sebastiano Tusa UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, Place de Fontenoy Paris Phone: +33 (0) Mustafa El Tayeb Comitato Pro Arsenale Borbonico Via C. Colombo Palermo - Italy Phone: Pietro Maniscalco UNISOM Consorzio Universitario per l'ateneo della Sicilia Occidentale e il Bacino del Mediterraneo Via Niso, Trapani - Italy Phone: Roberto Bertini International Institute for the Study of Man Piazza Verdi, Palermo - Italy Phone: Rita Cedrini Liaisons Mediterranée 4, rue El Moez Tunis Phone: Ridha Tlili Departement of Underwater Archeology Egypt Supreme Council of Antiquities Fakhry Abdel - Nour Street, 4 D Abbassia - Cairo - Egypt Phone: Alaa El - Din Mahrous Fondazzjoni Wirt Artna Notre Dame Gate, St. Edward's Road CSP 08 - Vittoriosa - Malta Phone: Mario Farrugia Association pour la Sauvegarde du Patrimoine Maritime de Villefranche-sur-Mer Pavillon Baudouin les Voutes de la Darse Villefranche-Sur-Mer - France Phone: +33 (0) Uninettuno - Università Telematica Internazionale Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, Roma - Italy Phone Maria Amata Garito Gibraltar Museum Bomb House Lane - Gibraltar Phone: +(350) Clive Fimlayson Associazione Archeo-Antropologica Approfondimenti Interdisciplinari Operativi Via Vincenzo Sulis, Cagliari - Italy Phone: Sergio Frau CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3, rue Michel-Ange Paris - France Phone: +33 (0) Jean Mascle CNRS of Lebanon Sports City Boulevard, Bir Hassan - Beirut - Lebanon Phone: Alexandre Sursock Fondazione Athena Sviluppo Corso Venezia Milano - Italy Phone: Giampaolo Natoli Museu d'arqueologia de Catalunya Passeig de Santa Madrona Barcelona - Spain Phone: Xavier Nieto GRAN - Groupe de Recherche en Archeologie Navale Passage de la Corderie Toulon - France Phone: +33 (0) Max Guerout

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13 Summaries CHAP. The ARCHAEOMAP 1 project CHAP. 2 The pilot sites 1.1 Archaeological Management Policies by Giacoma Brancato and Sebastiano Tusa ARCHAEOMAP was a coordination action supported by the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme, contributing to the implementation of the specific Priority Scientific Support to Policies within the thematic area Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems, Key Action The protection of cultural heritage and associated conservation strategies. ARCHAEOMAP project aimed at developing balanced, interrelated policies with an integrated coastal zone management focus. Through the analysis of ten Mediterranean archaeological pilot sites it proposed an interdisciplinary research aiming at improving a sustainable development methodology for coastal and underwater archaeological sites management. The project aimed at enabling managers and end-users of archaeological costal and underwater sites at improving the relationship with the marine environment. ARCHAEOMAP centred its interest in sustainable development, stressing importance of conservation and rational utilisation of coastal zone resources, also under the socio-economic aspect. The realized network of pilot sites will be a vehicle for knowledgesharing, research and monitoring, education, training and participatory decision-making aiming at protecting environmental resources and cultural diversity. The pilot sites also served as learning and demonstration sites in the framework of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development ( /DESD). Piloted by an International Committee, ARCHAEOMAP provided contextspecific opportunities to combine scientific knowledge and forms of governance using an inter-disciplinary methodology. The International Forum that has took place in Paris in the spring 2009, has been the most important media window of the project to diffuse and disseminated the new methodology developed by the ARCHAEOMAP project. 2.1 The sea of Egadi by Sebastiano Tusa Cala Minnola early roman wreck was selected as pilot study to show the management model that was assumed by Soprintendenza del Mare for entire sicilian under water cultural heritage. Cala Minnola wreck is situated in Levanzo and was dug during the past few years.all the recovered cargo was left on the bottom of the sea. They were around 100 amphorae still laying in the sea to be visited by scuba divers. Moreover on the site a video control system was settled in order to control the area, but also to let people watch to the amphorae from a museum. The same system was settled in Gadir wreck in Pantelleria, but this last can be seen also on the web. In the same area of Levanzo it is possible to visit also the site in which the famous battle between the Romans and the th Carthaginians was fought the 10 of march of 241 b.c. Severl a lead anchors are still visible on the place where the Roman fleet was mooring before the attack to the Carthaginian fleet not far from Capo Grosso in Levanzo. The battle was fought north of Capo Grosso on the way between Marettimo and Bonagia where the Carthaginian fleet was directed in order to help the army ofamilcare sieged on Erice. 2.2 Villefrance-sur-Mer by Dominique Tailliez Villefranche-sur-Mer, port militaire et commercial de la ville de Turin jusqu'en 1815 a la chance de voir concentré sur un espace unique les principales lignes directrices du projet ARCHAEOMAP. Tout d'abord le port royal de Savoie est le seul à posséder encore intact un bassin de construction de galères du XVIII siècle. Ensuite le site accueille aujourd'hui un Observatoire Océanologique de renommée internationale du CNRS et de l'université Paris VI, Pierre et Marie Curie, mais aussi des ateliers de charpente maritime de grande qualité. Enfin, la rade de Villefranche-sur-Mer présente un grand intérêt écologique, scientifique et archéologique, comme en témoignent le grand nombre d'épaves et la biodiversité des espèces marines étudiées. Ce n'est donc pas sans raison que Villefranche-sur-Mer a été choisie comme site pilote du réseau ARCHAEOMAP en Méditerranée. Et que le programme Méditerranée de l'unesco a disposé, jusqu'en 2006, d'une antenne régionale mise à disposition par la Municipalité au cœur de sa Citadelle pour le développement des projets de coopération internationale qui allie patrimoine maritime, diversité culturelle et biodiversité. 013

14 Archaeomap - Archaeological Management Policies 2.3 La fachada maritima da Ampurias by Xavier Nieto The localisation of the ancient harbor of Ampurias was already known since XIX century. At that period there was the idea that the space between the Palaiàpolis and the Neàpolis was the ancient harbor. The discovery of a second harbor in the area of Riells-La Clota and of many underwater structures East of the Neàpolis made clear that the situation could have been much more complex and that a general topographical study was necessary. The study was devoted to the knowledge of the relationship between the Greek and Roman town and the sea. A particular attention was for the quality of masonry in relation with its function in a marine structure. The quality and the shape of the ancient harbor was based on its function as a structure that played an important role in the city life. The knowledge of this important structure was based not only on the historical date and sources, but also on the land and underwater archaeological data recovered thank to a systematic survey of the area that was done either traditionally and by the use of electronic equipment. This was also useful to understand which was the shape of the Ampurias territory in ancient times. 2.4 Sinis by Francesco Cubeddu, Sergio Frau and Mario Tozzi The double typology of the 20 thousand Sardinian Nuraghes dated back to the second millennium BC - almost still intact those ones standing on the rise, often buried in the mud those ones in the plains invites to study with rigour and with suitable equipments the reasons standing below such evident diversity. In concrete it is a question of putting the basis to verify if such a situation the most emblematic: the Nuraghi Palace of Barumini, discovered by Giovanni Lilliu 30 metres under the mud has been caused by a sea invasion. Is the Sinis a Pompei of the Sea? Was the Isle of Atlantide the Isle of Sardinia? Strong, real and unhappy as it is Caucaso, the Rock of Prometeo, his brother trapped in Orient, tells the Beginning of Greeks? Through the geology and ad hoc air surveys it will be possible to outline with increasing precision the passing phase between first and second millennium that, still today, gives rise to a lot of questions among the archaeologists. 2.5 L épave de la Lomellina by Max Guerout The wreck of a Renaissance vessel, sunk in the middle of the bay of Villefranche Sur Mer (France) has been the object of ten excavation campaigns from 1982 to Many manuscripts found in the archives allowed to identify without any hesitation the Nave (ship) Lomellina, sunk during a hurricane on September, th 15, Being the Genoese origin sure, the collected information allows us to give an important contribution to the knowledge of a certain type of construction, which represents the backbone of the Genoa Republic's fleet, which was able to guarantee the transport of the heavy 3 merchandise (more than 1t/m ) in seagoing trips without any load breaking. The framework's state and the analysis of structure and general characteristics of the vessel allowed to single out a kind of vessel which seems to be typical of the Mediterranean area and differs so much from the contemporary boats, built according to Atlantic traditions. Besides many equipment pieces, armament represents one of the richest properties. Particularly, the discovery of a gun still mounted on its carriage allows us to make a comparison with the very rare contemporary models found in Great Britain or in Denmark. 2.6 The Megalithic Temple Complex of Kordin III, Malta by Jonathan Borg The prehistoric megalithic temples of Malta th rd (mid 4 to 3 millennium BCE) always foster a sense of intrigue by those who visit them. They are a vivid testimony to the ingenuity of the people who created them. However archaeologists still fail to fully understand these prehistoric people especially when it comes to comprehend the relationship these people had with the sea. Kordin III is one of these megalithic complexes that received very little attention since its discovery and excavation about 90 years ago. However r e c e n t s c h o l a r s h i p, m o s t l y a d o p t i n g a phenomenological approach, has shed more light on this little known archaeological site. These studies together with an assessment of other known archaeological sites in the vicinity as well as a closer look to some of the artefacts from this site indicate that the sea was never far away from the minds and eyes of the people that built Kordin III. 014

15 Summaries 2.7 Pharos Island of Alexandria, Egypt by Alaa El-Din Mahrous Alexander the Great with a narrow causeway linked the island of Pharos to the main land. This causeway divided the coast of Alexandria into two ports, the Eastern Great Harbor and the Western Harbor or Eunostos. The naval and commercial vessels were guided into port by the celebrated Alexandria light House which stood on what is now the site of Quit Bey Fort. After the pioneer work of Gaston Jondet, the chief Engineer of the Department of ports and light houses from 1911 to 1915 and Kamel Abul-Saadat (1961) the Egyptian pioneer in Alexandria underwater archaeology and a UNESCO mission in 1968, following which Honor Frost published a preliminary report with some drawings which revealed the importance of the site, the centre d' Etudes Alexandrines (CEAlex) in co-operation with the Department of underwater archaeology/supreme Council of Antiquities (DUA/SCA) rediscovered the submerged site to the east of Qaitbay fort. At depth from 6 to 8 meters, in an area of 2.25 hectares more than 5000 pieces were located including statutes, sphinxes and columns of different shapes, capitals and bases of columns and parts of obelisks. They are dated to Grecoroman period but there are artifacts from the pharaonic period. The cultural heritage faced lot of risk due to the development of coastal areas and there is need to respond appropriately to the possible negative impact on underwater cultural heritage. Moreover there is a need to present it for the education and the enjoyment of the public. The idea is to make the site of pharos as a cultural heritage park. The idea is to develop a plan for the conservation and in situ management of the site. 2.8 Applying a Conservation Prioritization approach to Submerged and Coastal Heritage Sites by Darren Andrew Fa, Geraldine and Clive Finlayson In order to have an objective management plan there exists a need for well-structured databases and inventories that will inform management decisions. The development of these has been one of the main aims of the ARCHAEOMAP Project. However, often information-heavy databases can become cumbersome when the need arises for a rapid and flexible evaluation of sites. Here we present a complementary model of a quantitative technique for rapid site evaluation and illustrate its application using Gibraltar's submerged and coastal sites as a case study. 2.9 Tyre - South Lebanon by Assaad Seif with Alexandre Sursock, Sami el-masri and Imma Plana The present document is prepared within the framework of the EU project ARCHAEOMAP: ARCHAEOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT POLICIES. The project falls within the jurisdiction of the sixth framework program scientific support to policies Area 3.6 The protection of cultural heritage and associated conservation strategies. The objective of ARCHAEOMAP is to develop balanced, interrelated policies with an integrated coastal zone management focus. [ ] It aims to protect environmental resources and bio-cultural diversity, to support socio-economic development through cultural tourism. ARCHAEOMAP proposes an interdisciplinary research agenda and capacity-building aiming at improving the relationship of Mediterranean people with their marine environment. Its targets are to assess the ecological, social and economic dimensions of maritime culture loss and the reduction of this loss. The project uses its network of pilot sites as vehicles for knowledge-sharing, research and monitoring, education and training, and participatory decision-making. [ ] Some ARCHAEOMAP's pilot sites are inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The study of these pilot sites introduces innovation through its modern approaches aimed at conservation and sustainable development. Tyre has been inscribed upon the World Heritage List in 1984 on the basis of criteria III and VI of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. Criterion III: Tyre is one of the earliest metropolises. Criterion IV: The name of Tyre is associated with the production of purple die, with the Phoenician expansion and the founding of trade posts in the Mediterranean basin.the inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List gave this site a universal value therefore it belongs to all humanity and to future generations. Our role is to protect it and preserve it without compromising its authenticity and integrity. For that reason all actions we undertake that meets our needs of the present must not conflict with the spirit of the convention and compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 015

16 Archaeomap - Archaeological Management Policies CHAP. 3 The O.N.G. contribution to the diffusion of culture 3.1 The Bourbon Arsenal of Palermo by Pietro Maniscalco The Arsenal is located towards the end of Via dell'arsenale and it borders with the Fincantieri Shipyard and the fabulous villa of Marquis De Gregorio. The vessels of the Royal Navy and private shipbuilders were built in the area behind the building. Today this part of the city is a true open-air museum which needs to be revalued. In the area around the Arsenal stand Villa De Gregorio, the Florio shipyards, the English Cemetery, Montalbo Palace and many more buildings of great interest. The Arsenal was built between 1621 an 1630 on the project of the architect Mariano Smiriglio, a great figure in Italian Mannerism. The two-storey building has a regular form; in the upper part of the façade there is the Bourbon coat of arms with an eagle head and the inscription: Philippi IV Hispan, utriusque siciliae regis III, auspiciis augustis, navale armamentarium inchoatum, perfectum MDCXXX. The Arsenal of Palermo was the place where the xebecs and galleys that helped on the fight against the Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean Sea where built. In fact, Sicilian ships played a leading role in many sea battles. 3.2 The International institute for the study of man by Rita Cedrini International Institute for the study of man takes part into the project: ARCHAEOMAP focusing on the double importance represented whether from the preservation of cultural heritage or from dissemination of information. Cultural heritage is all created from man in the course of its history, not only the objects which reflect cultural answers to its requirements but also the Weltanschauung, the view of world and life of community which is the very structure of any society. In other words heritage as an identity which doesn't born tout court, but it's built over time through cultural segments, the features, preserved after the dominations have gone away or the occasion/collision with other populations are ended; segments maintained because functional to own organization and able to build the specificity which can be found within a region. In this light, it has been favored the use of space in everyday living, originating buildings which are related to customs and way of life and which determine styles and artistic designs CHAP. 4 Guidelines for sustainable development of coastal and underwater archaeological sites 4.1 Sustainable development by Salvatore Giannino The ARCHAEOMAP extrabudgetary project rd was established by a resolution of 33 UNESCO's General Conference in 2005 (DR/37) inviting the Organization to support a regional action plan for the sustainable development of the Mediterranean's marine heritage, as a follow-up to the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development. UNESCO was asked to set up an international committee to study the contribution of science and culture to sustainable development in the Mediterranean Region. This was done by providing guidelines and methodologies, technical advice and guidance on formulation, implementation, monitoring, and a review of policies and plans concerning national, regional and global Mediterranean activities.the Mediterranean is a nexus of cultural, environmental, political and social divergences, making it an ideal proving ground for exploring options for the future and constructing pilot projects whose goal is to develop regional and global operational initiatives. Sustainable development is not merely a scientific, technological or economic question it is a response to a planetary social and ecological crisis. 4.2 Environmental Initial Analysis for underwater and coastal sites by Giacoma Brancato and Manuel Bellafiore The Initial Environmental Analysis is performed both to identify significant environmental aspects that affect the site and to determine the indicators. The analysis includes a description of the site, its location, description of all activities within it, the analysis of environmental issues, their quantification and determination of the significance of them. The Initial Environmental Analysis is a crucial activity for the determination of indicators and the resulting definition of the objectives of sustainable development of the site. The Archaeomap project concerns both coastal and underwater archaeological sites, so this template of analysis was meant to be applied to these two type of sites. The template are linked together, the order of application is the following: 1) EIA phase 1 for both coastal and underwater archaeological sites; 2) EIA phase 2 for underwater sites; 3) EIA phase 2 for coastal sites. 016

17 cap. I The Archaeomap project

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19 The ARCHAEOMAP project CHAP. 1.1 Archaeological Management Policies Archaeological Management Policies has been a coordination action that was st st carried out between the 1 of November 2007 and the 31 of October It has involved the following 15 partners belonging to 6 European and non European countries and the UNESCO: Regione Siciliana - Dipartimento Beni Culturali e Ambientali - Soprintendenza Del Mare, Italy (SOPMARE) UNESCO - Secteur des Sciences Division de La Politique Scientifique et du Développement, International Organisation (UNESCO) Comitato Pro Arsenale Borbonico di Palermo, Italy (ARSENALE) Consorzio Universitario per l'ateneo della Sicilia Occidentale e il Bacino del Mediterraneo, Italy (UNISOM) International Institute for the Study of Man, Italy (INTERINSTITUTE) Association Pour La Sauvegarde Du Patrimoine Maritime De Villefranche Sur Mer, France (ASPVM) Liaisons Mediterraneennes, Tunisia Universita Telematica Internazionale Non Statale UNINETTUNO, Italy (UNINETTUNO) Archaeological Museum of Florina, Greece Centro d'arqueologia Subacquatica, Museu d'arqueologia de Catalunya, Spain (MAC) Fondazione Athena per lo Sviluppo, Italy (ATHENA) Associazione Archeo-Antropologica Approfondimenti Interdisciplinari Operativi, Italy (AAAAIO') Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Geosciences Azur (UMR 6526), France (CNRS) Groupe de Recherche en Archeologie Navale, France (GRAN) Fondazzjoni Wirt Artna, Malta (WIRTARTNA) And with the fundamental contribution of: Supreme Council of Antiquities - Departement of Underwater Archeology (DUA) - Maritime Museum of Alexandria Egypt Graeco Roman Museum, Egypt CNR of Lebanon, Lebanon Gibraltar Museum, Gibraltar The activities of the project were dedicated to the review of information on current practices related to the management of archaeological underwater and coastal sites in the Mediterranean basin, and to the definition of sustainable development guidelines based on the suggestions of the UNESCO and on the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, adopted by the UNESCO General Conference on 2 November The project publication do not represent the official position of the Commission on the respective topics, and they have not to be considered as official recommendations or as best available techniques, but as a source of information and references in the implementation of the management of archaeological underwater and coastal sites. The responsibility to choose the actual specific procedures for implementation is just up to the authorities of the Member States. The first work package was dedicated to the state of the art in characterisation of 019

20 Archaeomap - Archaeological Management Policies archaeological coastal and underwater sites management in the Mediterranean area and to the discussion of good practices and sustainable development strategies elaborated by the International Committee. During the kick off meeting the different institutions and organizations partner showed their working methods, highlighting the characteristics potentially available to the project as best practices, and the available standards for each method. The result of this first meeting has shown that in most of the countries participating to the project environmental and sustainable management of coastal and underwater archaeological sites was not compulsory by law therefore it was not systematically carried out. Only the European partners follow European standards for environmental protection, which have not been particularly designed for coastal and underwater archaeological sites management and are not always appropriate. In detail, only the Soprintendenza del Mare respect the European law for environmental protection, the UNESCO Convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage and, now, the 2009 " Carta di Siracusa on Biodiversity". The second part of this WP, the final meeting, was dedicated to the elaboration of some standards applicable to the sustainable development of coastal and underwater archaeological sites, to the presentation of the ARCHAEOMAP final report (illustrating pilot sites network, study cases and their relative research programs to manage natural, cultural and socio-economical resources for an integrated coastal zone protection in the Mediterranean basin) and to the presentation of UNINETTUNO distance-teaching module. The second work package was dedicated to The contribution of Culture to sustainable development around the Mediterranean basin and to The contribution of Science to sustainable development in the Mediterranean area. This review has shown that Mediterranean coastal and underwater cultural heritage is strictly linked to its own natural environment and for this reason the ecosystems and biodiversity protection is as important as the same cultural heritage. In addition, this property represents an economic resource for local people and a source of economic and social development. However, coastal zones are for this reason under permanent pressure for the needs of tourism. This situation leads to constant degradation of natural and cultural resources linked with social conflicts and environmental degradation. On the other hand, as scientific contributions have shown, both cultural and natural heritage need to be protected from human intervention (linked to climate exchange and chemical and technological risks) and from natural risks (linked to volcanic eruption, earthquake, tidal wave, hurricane/cyclone, flood, slides). The contribution to sustainable development of coastal and under water archaeological sites started with the considerations of complexity and mutual interaction of these factors. This WP has provided a concrete support to the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage held in Paris and connected to the ARCHAEOMAP Forum. During this Forum the pilot project sites and the management systems of underwater sites included in it have been presented, as example of practical application of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. UNESCO has organized the International Forum in springtime 2009 in order to disseminate experiences of the Archaeomap project by means of a symposium and a training workshop. International and national experts in natural, cultural and underwater heritage of the Mediterranean participated in the forum, during which UNESCO 020