National Network of Local Urban Observatories in México: Experiences and balance.

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Enrique Serrano Cárdenas
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1 RESURBE II National Network of Local Urban Observatories in México: Experiences and balance. Dr. Ricardo Villasís-Keever Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, México Bogotá, Sep. 2015

2 The National Network of Local Urban Observatories. This project was originated in the Federal Government since 2005, with funding from the Ministry of Social Development and CONACYT, the purpose is the analysis of the problems of Mexican Cities. 42 indicators in five areas in order to be integrated in platform of the Global urban Observatory of the United Nations, from the perspective of urban monitoring aimed at fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals by The RNOUL is an instance in which focus and develop indicators on the axes of Housing, Environment, Social Development, Economic Development and Governance. This is a project that over the past 10 years has sought to promote locally, to make comparative in different scales, regional and national levels. At this days the RNOUL has changed to the SEDATU Ministry..

3 La tendencia de urbanización. Tendencia de urbanización mundial Miles de millones de habitantes Población Total Población Urbana UNCHS, ONU. The State of the world s Cities Report, 2001.

4 General objectives. The exchange of information between the different local urban observatories. Produce reliable and systematic information technology urban indicators by geographic information systems (GIS). Encourage interdisciplinary work, and strengthen decision-making in public and private institutions. Contribute to urban development to influence the design of public policies in Mexican cities. Monitoring trends in growth of cities and the quality of life of its inhabitants.

5 La tendencia de urbanización en México Tendencia de Urbanización en México P. URBANA P RURAL Fuentes: UN 1999,2000; Inegi Estadisticas Históricas 2000.

6 Strengths and weaknesses: The OUL's have participated over a decade at national meetings, which have strengthened the methodology, publications, information systems, training and commissioning websites of information obtained available to the public. However, we must recognize that the federal government has reduced interest in the observatories due to changes in urban public policies.

7 For handling and interpre/ng urban indicators, databases and thema/c maps are built to represent sta/s/cal informa/on about the territory.

8 Conclusions. According to L.J. Sobrino (2004) changes in the dynamics of the urban population are the following: The concentration of population in urban localities (or urban concentration), gradually decreasing the percentage of population living in rural communities scattered throughout the territory. Urban concentration in increasingly larger (or hierarchical concentration) localities, so that urban development has been led by the performance of larger cities.

9 Conclusions. The multiplication in the number of locations but with less elasticity relative population growth (relative spatial dispersion). Preferential localization of economic activities in cities, particularly in larger (economic concentration within the demographic concentration). Formation of population centers that have exceeded political-administrative boundaries to form metropolitan areas (metropolitan concentration).

10 The Na/onal Urban System (SUN_2012)

11 Urban Indicators: Methodology for social valida/on EXPERIENCIA CONTEXTO VISIÓN EXPECTATIVAS INDICADORES ONU Y AGENDA LOCAL VALIDACIÓN ACTORES CLAVE:, ACADEMICOS, GRUPOS DE INTERES, COMUNIDAD, AGENCIAS DE GOBIERNO, COMUNICADORES FILTRO DE INFORMACION DISPONIBLE SET DE INDICADORES RETROALIMENTACIÓN REVISIÓN, RETROALIMENTACIÓN, PUBLICACIÓN, MONITOREO

12 Las variables en estudio, indicadores según modelo de enfoque dominante(*) Etapa I : Indicadores ONU Hábitat INDICADORES CLAVE Indicador Nombre 1 Estructuras Durables 2 Hacinamiento 3 Tenencia segura 4 Acceso a agua segura 5 Acceso a instalaciones sanitarias adecuadas 6 Conexión a servicios 7 Mortalidad de menores de cinco años 8 Homicidios 9 Hogares pobres 10 Tasa de alfabetismo 11 Crecimiento de la población urbana 12 Asentamientos planeados 13 Precio del agua 14 Aguas residuales tratadas 15 Disposición de residuos sólidos 16 Tiempo de traslado 17 Empleo informal 18 Producto bruto de la ciudad 19 Desempleo 20 Ingresos de gobiernos locales INDICADORES EXTENSIVOS INDICADORES LISTAS DE VERIFICACION Etapa II : Modelo Propio ANALISIS DE LAS VARIABLES (UN-H) RESULTADOS E INTERPRETACION INCORPORACION DE VARIABLES MODELO U-A. (*)Se refiere al modelo UN-Habitat. Los resultados de las variables estarán disponibles para fines del Fuente: UN-Hábitat; Sedesol 2005

13 Finally The cities with urban observatories in Mexico are performing local studies, one of them is urban resilience as a challenge for the coming years, there is technical and scientific capacity but they need funding from the federal and local governments. Authorities must insert in their urban development plans the challenge of climate change and have a vision of urban resilience in the present to preserve future.

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