Los Complementos Directos: los pronombres- Direct Objects: Pronouns

Transcripción

1 Nombre: Clase: Fecha: Spanish II Chapters 1-7 Midterm Review As a general rule-- Pay attention during the review Study your tests! Review all the vocabulary words. You may bring a 3x5 card with any information you think you may need for the midterm. The card must be written in pen and have your name on it. No verses are to be written on the card. Vocabulary For chapters 1-7, you must know all the vocabulary and how to apply it in a sentence. Capítulo 1- Verbs emphasized. Be able to use these in conversation Conoces bien a la ciudad de Miami? ---- Sí, la bien Qué traen Uds. en sus mochilas? ---- nuestros libros. Present Tense Salir- to leave, go out Tener- to have Traer- to bring Conocer- to know, to be acquainted with yo salgo tengo traigo conozco tú sales tienes traes conoces él/ella/ Ud. sale tiene trae concoce nosotros salimos tenemos traemos conocemos ellos/ellas/uds. salen Tienen traen conocen Los Complementos Directos: los pronombres- Direct Objects: Pronouns Direct Object Pronouns me te lo/la- him, it, you nos os los/las- them, you plural

2 Direct Object tells who or what receives the action of the verb. When replacing the direct object with the correct pronoun make sure you replace it with the pronoun that agrees in number and gender. Masculine Singular (MS)- Lo-It Feminine Singular (FS)- La - It Masculine Plural (MP) Los-Them mapa* Grapadora Sacapuntas* Paredes* Feminine Plural (FP) Las-Them Libro Ventana-window Asientos- seats Diapositivas- slides *These are some nouns that are not easily identified as MS,FS, MP, FP. In the next set of boxes write your own examples that do follow the regular pattern. Identify the direct object in the sentence and replace it with a pronoun in the next sentence. Translate Hiciste la prueba la semana pasada? Sí, hice Tu hermana puso los papeles en mi escritorio? Sí, puso. La forma comparativa tan... como To compare things that are the same, we use tan + adjective + como. In English we use as...as. Also note the adjective must agree with the first noun being compared. Elena es tan alta como su padre. Juan y Ana son tan inteligentes como sus primos. Your Example: La forma superlativa To say something is the most or least we use: el/la/los/las + noun + más/menos + adjective La clase más difícil es matemáticas.. El muchacho menos desordenado es Rob.. Your Example:

3 Capítulo 2 Los Verbos Reflexivos- Reflexive verbs tell that a person is doing something to or for him- or herself. It is made up of two parts: the reflexive pronoun me, te, se, nos, se and a verb form. What is the difference between a subject pronoun and a reflexive pronoun? Present Tense Conjugations Levantarseto get (oneself) out of bed Cepillarse: to brush (oneself) Acostarse*- to go to bed Despertarse*- to wake (oneself) up Vestirse*- to get (oneself) dressed yo Me levanto Me cepillo Me acuesto Me despierto Me visto tú Te levantas Te cepillas Te acuestas Te despiertas Te vistes él/ella/ Ud. Se levanta Se cepilla Se acuesta Se despierta Se viste nosotros Nos levantamos Nos cepillamos Nos acostamos Nos despertamos Nos vestimos ellos/ellas/ud s. Se levantan Se cepillan Se acuestan Se despiertan Se visten * Notice that these verbs have stem changes in the present tense. Later on we will review the preterite tense in which you will not see the same stem change occur. Difference between Reflexive Verb in the infinitive and conjugated. Peinarme and me peino are not the same thing! Peinarme el pelo - to comb my hair Me peino- I comb my hair. Tienes que secarte el pelo cuando hace frío. Te secas el pelo cuando hace frío? Antes de/después de + infinitivo When antes de (before) or despues de(after)ius followed by a verb, the verb is in the the infinitive form. Me gusta leer antes de acostarme. Después de preparar la mochila, also de la casa.

4 Capitulo 3 Must know preterites- Remember past tense referring to a specific occurrence in time Comprar Vivir Comer Tener-to** have Poder**-to be able to compré viví yo comí tuve pude hice Hacer**- to do compraste viviste tú comiste tuviste pudiste hiciste compró vivió él/ella/ Ud. comio tuvo pudo hizo compramos vivimos nosotros comimos tuvimos pudieron hicieron compraron vivieron ellos/ellas/uds comieron tuvieron pudo hicimos **Irregular verbs in the preterite you must be familiar with! Demonstrative Pronouns and Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative adjectives demonstrate what noun you are talking about This, That, These, Those- since they are adjectives they have to agree with the noun, MS,FS,MP, FP Masculine Singular (MS)- Feminine Singular (FS)- La Masculine Plural (MP) Feminine Plural (FP) This Este mapa Esta grapadora Estos sacapuntas* Estas Paredes* That Ese Libro Esa ventana Esos Asientosseats Esas Diapositivasslides That (even further) Aquel chaqueton Aquella falda Aquellos zapatos Aquellas carteras This, that, and that (over there) can be used as pronouns when they are not next to a noun. The only difference is you put an accent on the first e Te gusta esta falda?- Do you like this skirt? No, me gusta aquélla.- No,I like that (one). One is implied, notice aquélla acted as a pronoun because it took the place of falda. Make sure you also replace your demonstrative pronouns with the correct MS,FS,MP, FP replacement. tanto...como compares quantities as much or as many tanto + noun + como, make sure to agree tanto with noun

5 Mi esposo tiene tantas carteras como su padre- My husband has as many wallets as my father. Yo tengo tanto dinero como mi esposo Yo tengo tantos perros como mi hermana Yo tengo tanta ropa como mi prima Your own example: Capítulo 4 Recuerden que las conjugaciones del pretérito de ir y de ser son las mismas. ser/ir fui- I went or I was fuiste- You went or You were fue fuimos fueron- Be familiar with present tense of saber- to know saber sé I know sabes sabe sabemos saben Preterite of hacer, poder, and tener Hacer Poder Tener yo hice pude tuve tú hiciste pudiste tuviste él/ella/ud hizo pudo tuvo nosotros hicimos pudimos tuvimos Ellos/ellas/uds. hicieron pudieron tuvieron Capítulo 5 Cuando era niño

6 Imperfect Tense is another form of the past tense used in Spanish. Two uses that you learned thus far are: 1. Describe past actions that do not have an indication of their beginning or end. Pg Talk about actions that happened repeatedly in the past. (Used to do something or Would do something. Imperfect Yo iba al parque los sábados. vs Preterite Yo fui al parque el sábado. Palabras importantes para saber cuando usar el imperfecto son: A menudo Siempre Generalmente Muchas veces Todos los días Nunca Imperfect Tense Verb Endings Subject Pronoun -ar verbs -er & -ir verbs yo aba Caminaba ía tú abas ías Comías él/ella/ud. aba ía nosotros ábamos íamos ellos/ellas/uds. aban ían Irregular Verbs Subject Pronoun Ir- to go Ser- to be Ver yo iba era veía tú ibas eras veías él/ella/ud. iba era veía nosotros íbamos éramos veíamos ellos/ellas/uds. iban eran veían Capítulo 6 This is a very important irregular verb for this chapter, notice the change in the he/she/you f. and they/you plural preterite, e--> i. Other verbs that follow this pattern are servir- to serve, vestir(se)- to dress oneself, despedir- to say good bye Pedir- to ask for or to order Present Tense Subject Pronouns Preterite Tense (Past Tense) pido yo pedí

7 pides tú pediste Pide él/ella/ud. pidió pedimos nosotros pedimos piden ellos/ellas/uds. pidieron Dar- to give. Dar follows -er verb pattern without the accents in the preterite, and ir-to go follows the pattern in the present Present Tense Subject Pronouns Preterite Tense (Past Tense) doy yo di das tú diste da él/ella/ud. dio damos nosotros dimos dan ellos/ellas/uds. dieron * Remember your indirect object pronouns (whom/who the action is for or to) commonly used with Dar/Pedir/Regalar (yo) le pedí (ella) me dio (tú) les pediste (nosotros) les dimos Otros usos del imperfecto to describe people, places, or situations in the past Era una casa muy grande. to talk about a past action that was continuos or that kept on happening. Todavía había gente a las tres de la mañana. Los verbos reflexivos recíprocos se & nos- express to each other saludarse se goes in the front, then conjugate the verb. Los vecinos siempre se saludan.