Angela Tatiana Prias Mahecha Kenneth Ochoa. Environmental Engineering Programme El Bosque University

Transcripción

1 Life Cycle Assessment As An Eco-efficiency Tool In Dairy Sector Enterprises In Bogotá, Colombia: An analysis of driving factors and barriers towards the promotion of its implementation. Angela Tatiana Prias Mahecha Kenneth Ochoa Environmental Engineering Programme El Bosque University

2 INTRODUCTION SPC Regional Strategy [8] Colombia SFS SME 10.2% Agricultural GDP [12] 44% of raw milk is traded informally [18] GHG 14% Land use change 38% Agropecury [19] -Requires agriculture -Perishable 6700 M l/year [11] -Intensive use of NR -Waste generation [10] Payment for raw milk is regulated (Bonus) [16] 28 processors buy 70% of domestic production Dairy cluster Bogotá- Cundinamarca Cundinamarca: 18% domestic production [20] Specialization strategy Managment as a value chain Integrated decision-making SDO s Implementation outlook Eco- efficiency LCA Driving forces Barriers

3 METHODS ScienceDirect SpringerLink 139 papers Literature review Field survey Questionnaire structure and validation Data collection: 9/15 Eco-efficiency tools implemented (20) Stakeholders pressure (7) Driving forces : ACV (12) Eco-E (20) Barriers : ACV (14) Eco-E (28) Economic activity -Size Identify variables Correlation matrix (Consult experts) Structural self-interaction matrix Initial reachability matrix. Final reachability matrix. Levels segregation Graph drawing Verify inconsistencies ISM Analysis and discussion Comparison of results Theories: T. Resource Dependence T. Stakeholders T. Legitimacy T. Institucional

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Influence/ Importance Participant Farming Manufacturing Trade Eco-efficiency tools Practices implemented Pollution prevention Personnel training EC Eco-design LCA Pressures Environmental legislation Clients requirements Increase energy and materials cost Competitors Activist groups APU Medium Small Micro 45% 11% 22% 22% Driving forces Corporate image Client satisfaction Costs reduction Government incentives Export The cluster does not clearly follow a logic of cost reduction Barriers Lack government support No bank credit for GP Limited financial capacity Other priorities It is not a requirement to export Practices more focused on process than on product Large and manufacturing companies have better performance LCA Implementation by competitors Complex to monitor suppiers The belief it generate no impact

5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 18. Actitud desfavorable de los trabajadores respecto a los cambios en los hábitos de trabajo 14. Poca participación de los empleados en la toma de decisiones Stakeholder pressure Legitimization search Cost reduction 15. Inversión insuficiente de recursos en I + D Normative 25. Políticas corporativas restrictivas en la administración de los procesos y productos 27. Estructuras organizacionales que inhiben la interacción funcional entre empleados o departamentos 20. La empresa no considera que genere impactos ambientales 13. Escasez de información y la falta de claridad sobre la legislación ambiental Clients 21. Carencia de tiempo para implementar las prácticas 11. La incertidumbre sobre los beneficios que se pueden obtener 6. Limitados recursos humanos 7. Capacidad financiera limitada 16. Falta de formación ambiental de los empleados 10. Insuficiente acceso a servicios ambientales de asesoría / consultoría 28. Falta de interés en gestionar los impactos más allá de los límites físicos de la empresa Cleaner 24. production No bank policy- credit for GP Environmental 4. Lack incentives Eco-innovation 19. Actitud desfavorable policy de los 23. Temor requirements a hacer altas inversiones by y 3. Baja oferta Green de credit directivos respecto a los cambios en tener un retorno de inversión bajo productos verdes integration los hábitos (Coercive de trabajo 5. Lack government processing support companies LCA as criterie to apply. 9. Baja disponibilidad de servicios / tecnologías para Isomorphism) 26. Perspectiva de toma de decisiones a corto plazo (Bonus) la adaptación ambiental 1. It is not a legal 22. It is not a 2. Low demand 17. Falta de formación ambiental de los directivos Public purchases Law requirement Vizualization facilities requierment Communication to export of 12. Prioridad de otros requisitos externos project Eco-lables successfull cases Access to new markets Tax incentives PSA: Payment for environmental services Changes in the demand 8. La falta de conocimientos y habilidades de personal Financial LCC link 24. Poca o ninguna disponibilidad de créditos bancarios para productos o procesos verdes 4. Falta de incentivos 2. No hay demanda por parte de los clientes o grupos de interés 5. Falta de apoyo del gobierno 1. No es un requisito legal 22. No es un requisito para exportación

6 CONCLUSIONS LCA is not implemented. The implementation outlook is not homogeneous. The reasons that would motivate the implementation of LCA are the same as those identified for other ecoefficiency practices and tools. The generality of the cluster is in the transition between a passive strategy and a strategy of attention to stakeholders. Three dominant barriers were identified: Not being a legal requirement, not being a requirement for export and lack of demand by clients and interest groups. There are invisible barriers to the perception of eco-efficiency practitioners in the cluster, but they are the cause of the financial constraints they present. Most of the barriers analyzed for its implementation are autonomous, therefore a pilot project of LCA as a tool of competitiveness in the dairy cluster could be implemented. Therefore, the categories of strategic points for the promotion of LCA and other eco-efficiency tools are normative, clients and financial.