Contents. Unit 3 _. Contents. About this course About Spanish. iii iv

Transcripción

1 LEARNING SPANISH

2 Contents Contents About this course About Spanish Unit ONE _ Saying who you are Names and titles Arriving at a hotel the, a and gender Nos 1-10 Prepositions Nouns & Adjectives Introduction to verbs : trabajar, vivir, ser - I, you (formal), s/he Questions and negatives Arriving at a company ser and estar tú and usted (formal and familiar you) Introducing yourself Nos Unit 2 _ Food and Drink Nouns : singular and plural Ordering breakfast Nos 21 - upwards Asking/saying how much Eating out : lunch Ordering Tapas Eating out: in the evening Regular verbs : trabajar, comer, vivir Irregular verbs : querer, tener, ser, estar Unit 3 _ Out and About At breakfast again Asking the way At a chemist Adjectives More prepositions Asking the way again Clothes and colours hay, gustar In a clothes shop Nationalities and countries venir, ir Unit 4 _ Out of the Office Catching up with a colleague At a café Sports and hobbies Buying a newspaper; the media Asking directions; taking a taxi Questions and question words Meeting a policeman i iii iv i

3 Contents Unit 5 _ Distant contact Days and dates poder Time Booking a table tener que Phoning for a taxi my, your, his, our, their Spelling your name este, ese Out for a drink Sharing a taxi Unit 6 _ Making a new friend Regular verbs Irregular verbs Buying a train ticket coger Arriving at the office Job titles Changing an appointment conocer, saber, dar, hacer, ver, decir Closing a meeting gustar, encantar; object pronouns Shopping A formal Houses for sale Getting a wrong number More s Revision Useful Phrases Verbs (present tense) Pronunciation Guide Numbers Vocabulary: Spanish > English Vocabulary: English > Spanish If you need to find... (dialogues and grammar) Created and designed by George Sharpley. Material written by Davinia Serra Porritt and George Sharpley, with additional contributions from Carla Belnome, Helen Burchett, Montse Weeks and Steve Wright. Cartoons by Andy Riley. Second edition (December 2007) by Lingua (UK) Ltd. ii

4 About this course The aim of this Spanish course is to give you key communication skills and lay down the foundations for further learning. After this course you will be able to exchange basic information, order meals and drinks, go shopping, make appointments, express likes and dislikes, get from A to B and engage in social conversation. You make phone calls and write s. There are role-plays and practice dialogues. At the end of the course, you can test your knowledge. When you find these exercises easy you're ready to move on. The nuts and bolts of the language are unfolded, step-by-step, with follow-up exercises to help you put in place the grammatical foundations and patterns for your new language skills. Verbs are covered in the present tense only, though voy a (I'm going to ) helps you make plans for the future. The past is yet to come, at a stage beyond this course. A full list of the verbs can be found in the closing pages. See the end of the course for: Useful phrases: essential phrases and expressions are listed towards the end of the course. Verbs : all the main verbs, regular and irregular, are listed in the present tense. Pronunciation guide Numbers Spanish to English and English to Spanish vocabularies If you need to find... Inside the back cover you ll find a quick-reference guide to dialogues and grammar. If you are revising and need to practise a particular skill, e.g. a phone call or buying a meal, this lists the relevant dialogues. The grammar is also listed here, topic by topic. Audio CD This is includes all the dialogues and essential phrases. The recordings are listed in the text: R1 is Recording number one, R2 is Recording number two, etc. An audio CD for Learning Spanish is available iii

5 About Spanish Spain is the third largest country in Europe. The Canary Islands, the Balearic Islands and two North African enclaves, Ceuta and Melilla also belong to Spain. The country is conformed by different geographical regions, each with its own language and culture. There are different dialects of Spanish, for example in southern Spain people tend to drop the final s sounds of words. There are also different languages spoken in Spain: Castilian (Spanish), Catalan, Gallego and Basque. These are all separate languages and not simply dialects. Forty per cent of Spanish people are bilingual in Spanish and another local language. Castilian is known outside Spain as 'Spanish' and is the common language in all of Spain. Besides Spain and Latin America, Spanish is also spoken in the Philippines, Morocco, Ecuatorial Guinea and the United States. Catalan is spoken by about 9 million people living in Catalonia, in the Pyréné Orientales in France, some parts of Aragón, Valencia, the Balearic Islands and the city of Alghieri in Sardinia. GALLEGO BASQUE SPAIN CASTILIAN CATALAN Gallego is the language spoken in Galicia; sounds similar to Portuguese. Basque is very different from Spanish or any other European language. Possibly a prehistoric language that survived the Indo-European colonization of Europe. Shared roots of Spanish Spanish evolved from Latin. English has anglicised so many Latin words over the years _ typically the more technical or 'important' words _ that knowing English is a good start. e.g. habitation... habitación (room) Knowledge of French, Italian or Portuguese will be even more helpful. Like Spanish these languages also sprang directly from Latin, and they all share much in common. iv

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7 Unit ONE Saying who you are R1 Key expressions buenos días hola cómo se llama usted? me llamo... mi nombre es... es inglés? soy inglés/inglesa sí no gracias de nada (muy) bien buenas tardes buenas noches adiós Recep. Recep. Recep. good morning hello what is your name? my name is... my name is... are you English? I am English yes no thank you not at all (very) good, (very) well good afternoon/evening (3-9pm) good evening (9pm+)/good night good bye R2 arrives at a hotel in Madrid and is greeted by la recepcionista. Recep. Buenos días, señor. Good day, señor. Buenos días, señora. Tengo una reserva. Good day, señora. I have a reservation. Recep. Muy bien. Cómo se llama usted? Very good. What is your name? Me llamo Smith. My name is Smith. Recep. Se llama Schmidt? Your name is Schmidt? No, mi nombre no es Schmidt, me llamo Smith. No, my name is not Schmidt, my name is Smith. Recep. Sí, señor Smith, usted tiene una reserva! Yes, señor Smith, you have a reservation! Bien. Good. Es inglés? Are you English? Si, soy inglés. Yes, I am English. Muy bien... Habitación número cinco. Very good... Room number five. Cinco? Gracias. Five? Thank you. De nada. My pleasure. In Spain señor (Sr.) Mr señora (Sra.) Mrs señorita (Srta.) Miss The Spanish use titles either by themselves: Buenos días, señora or with the surname: Buenos días, señor López If you are speaking to more than one: señores (Sres.) to men or mixed señoras (Sras.) to women Saying some of the letters c like 'th' in thin before an 'i' or 'e', otherwise like a k. h always silent, a written convention only. ll double l is similar to the 'y' in yacht. b & v make the same sound : somewhere between English 'b' and 'v'. j guttural, like the ch in Scots loch Listen to the key expressions above and repeat the Spanish words. Listen to the dialogue and say aloud in Spanish : 1. My name is <your name>. 2. Good day, señora. 3. Are you English? 4. No, my name is not Bond. 5. Thank you, señor. 6. My pleasure. 7. What is your name? 8. Is your name Potter? Listen again to the dialogue and then say aloud the words gracias - señora - llamo - cinco - cómo - muy - habitación - bien 1

8 Role play Role-play is where you put yourself into a situation and do your best to communicate. In this exercise you are someone arriving at a hotel and your tutor is the receptionist. Listen to the numbers and then say them yourself. Say hello, and say you have a reservation Give your name Give your nationality She greets you She asks your name She asks if you are American/French/ German/Dutch She gives you the key to your room. What room number is it? Numbers 1-10 uno, una dos tres cuatro cinco seis siete ocho nueve diez Reading Spanish What do these signs mean? Guess if you don t know them HOTEL abierto cerrado RESTAURANTE Recepción The, a and gender Farmacia HOSPITAL PARKING ESTACIÓN empujar tirar Supermercado el centro The word for the is el if the thing is masculine and la if it is feminine. All nouns (i.e. things ) have a gender in Spanish, either masculine or feminine. For no obvious reason el hotel is masculine and la habitación is feminine. The word for a is un (masculine) and una (feminine). In English only a few nouns have gender, like actor/actress, waiter/waitress, aunt/uncle, bull/cow. But these are limited to nouns which are obviously male or female. In Spanish, as in many other languages, all nouns have a gender. masculine nouns el/un hotel el/un restaurante el/un hospital el/un banco el/un supermercado feminine nouns la/una estación la/una farmacia la/una recepción la/una habitación la/una oficina Salida de emergencia INFORMACIÓN BANCO What do the signs that appear a couple of pages ago mean? Listen to the words above describing places. Say aloud in Spanish: 1. a hotel 2. the reception 3. the chemist 4. a bank 5. the restaurant 6. a supermarket 7. the station 8. the office 9. a hospital 10. the room 2

9 in at with of from to en en con de de a in Madrid at the office with María the door of the shop the Madrid train * the train to Barcelona a and de combine with the masculine article el to become al and del to the restaurant al restaurante a + el = al from the hotel del hotel de + el = del María María María María Prepositions Exacto. Precisely. Muy bien. Very good. Soy el director de Sanidad y Seguridad de EuroTech. I am the Health & Safety manager for EuroTech. Bien. Bienvenido a Madrid. Fine. Welcome to Madrid. Gracias. Thank you. De nada. Hasta luego. Oh señor, aquí tiene su llave! Not at all. See you later. Oh Señor, here is your key! Gracias. Thank you. De nada. Habitación número cinco. Adiós. Not at all. Room number five. Good bye. Adiós. Good bye. en Madrid en la oficina con María la puerta de la tienda el tren de Madrid el tren a Barcelona * this can mean both from and to Madrid (just as the Madrid train can be either in English). for por, para There are two words for for. You will need to study these two words more closely later as there are many expressions involving these words. Here are a few examples: for me (in a restaurant) para mí he works for Airbus trabaja para Airbus Say aloud in Spanish: thank you for the information gracias por la información 1. The door of the bank. R3 and the receptionist continue their conversation. 2. In the restaurant. 3. To the hotel. María Me llamo María Fernández, soy la directora del 4. With María. hotel. 5. At the station. My name is María Fernández, I am the hotel manager. 6. From the office to the bank. Encantado de conocerla. 7. At the reception. Delighted to meet you. 8. In the room. María Encantada. De dónde es? Vive en Londres? Delighted. Where are you from? Do you live in London? No, no vivo en Londres, soy de Bristol, pero trabajo en Londres, en París, en Roma y en Berlín... No, I do not live in London, I am from Bristol, but I work in London, in Paris, in Rome and in Berlin... María...Y ahora trabaja en Madrid?... And now you are working in Madrid? More gender issues When María says she is delighted to meet him she says encantada, and says encantado. If a female is delighted she says encantada, while a male is encantado. But note that when she says welcome to him, she says bienvenido. It is masculine because he is the one welcomed. 3

10 Role play To your tutor or person sitting closest to you, say hello, introduce yourselves, saying who you are, where you live and work, and welcome the person to where you are. Bienvenida, señora. Mi nombre es Potter. Encantado de conocerla. Nouns Nouns are 'things', the essential building blocks of language. When we speak or think or write, we have to have something in mind. Take 'food' for instance. It might be fast food, hot food or delicious food, but the thing is the food. The other words tell us more about it, but by themselves they are nothing; 'Fast', 'hot' and 'delicious' are meaningless in a vacuum. They have to refer to something, a fast runner, perhaps, or delicious dinner. When we say 'hot today, isn't it?', the thing, though not stated, is obviously the weather, unless you happen to be eating chilli. Some Spanish nouns: el banco (the bank), una tienda (a shop). Adjectives These are words which tell us more about nouns (e.g. fast, hot and delicious). In Spanish, adjectives may change slightly (at the end of the word) depending on the gender of the thing they are describing: María trabaja en un hotel español (masculine because it describes un hotel) María works in a Spanish hotel Juan trabaja en una tienda española (feminine because it describes una tienda) Juan works in a Spanish shop The adjective usually comes after the noun. Sometimes an adjective follows a verb, like to be : Juan es español Soy español! Y yo soy española! More adjectives Masculine bueno (good) inglés (English) nuevo (new) Feminine buena (good) inglesa (English) nueva (new) Choose the correct adjective and translate: 1. La tienda está... ABIERTA / ABIERTO. 2. Una directora... ESPAÑOLA / ESPAÑOL. 3. El restaurante está... CERRADA / CERRADO. 4. BIENVENIDA / BIENVENIDO... a Madrid, señor. Say aloud in Spanish: 5. A Spanish hotel. 6. A Spanish shop. 7. A good hospital. 8. I am English. 9. Welcome to Madrid, señora. 10. Yes, she works in a restaurant. 11. Miguel works in a Spanish bank. 12. My name is Alicia, pleased to meet you. 4

11 Verbs Language would be very static if all we had were nouns and adjectives. We also have to know what happens to these things, what is done with them; in other words, some action. There are lots of things that can happen to food. You can buy it, cook it, chew it, swallow it, wolf it down, spit it out, give it away, lose it or put it in the fridge. These words which state the action are called verbs. In Spanish the verb changes (usually at the end of the word) according to whether it is I... doing it or you... doing it or he / she.... I work (am working) trabajo I live (am living) vivo you work (are working) trabaja you live (are living) vive he / she works (is working) trabaja he / she lives (is living) vive The word for I is yo, for you usted, for he él, and for she ella. You do not need to use these words if it s obvious what you mean. These words, called pronouns, are used in formal polite moments or to avoid confusion or for emphasis ( No, I am next!) Asking a question In Spanish a (written) question starts with an upside down question mark, and if there is a noun or a pronoun it comes after the verb: do you live in London? vive usted en Londres? do you work in Madrid? trabaja en Madrid? does María work in Barcelona? trabaja María en Barcelona? The negative Just add no before the verb: I do not live in Madrid No vivo en Madrid She does not live in Paris Ella no vive en París To be (SER) By far the most used verb is the verb to be (is, are, was, were, etc). Unlike most other verbs this one is not really a doing word at all, but describes circumstance rather than action. I am Spanish soy español(a) you are Spanish es español(a) he / she is Spanish es español(a) Cómo se llama? De dónde es? Say aloud in Spanish. If the pronoun ( I, you, etc is underlined, include the Spanish pronoun). 1. I do not work in a Spanish hotel. 2. She works in a Spanish shop. 3. Do you work in a good hospital? 4. I am not Spanish. Señora, are you English? 5. Welcome to Madrid, señora. 6. He works in the new office. 7. Is she Spanish? No, she s English. 8. Juan does not work in a Spanish bank. 9. María works in the hotel. She is Spanish. Dónde vive usted? Dónde trabaja? Role play Your tutor will play the part of a journalist (periodista). She wants to know your name, where you live, your nationality, where you work and who you work for. 5

12 R4 arrives at a company. Rec. Rec. Rec. Rec. Rec. Rec. Rec. Buenos días, mi nombre es Smith. Good morning, my name is Smith. Buenos días, señor. Good morning, señor. Quiero ver al señor González. I want to see Señor Gonzalez. Tiene una cita? Do you have an appointment? Sí, a las diez. Yes, for ten o clock. Muy bien. Para qué compañía trabaja, señor Smith? Very good. Which company do you work for, señor Smith? Soy el director de Sanidad y Seguridad de EuroTech. I am the Health & Safety manager for EuroTech. Gracias... por favor tome asiento. Thank you... please take a seat. (On the phone) Señor González? El señor Smith está aquí... Muy bien. Señor Gonzalez? Señor Smith is here... Very good. Señor Smith, ahora el señor González le espera. En la planta número nueve. Señor Smith, señor Gonzales is expecting you now. On floor nine. Gracias, señora. Thank you señora. De nada. Not at all. Oh señora, dónde está el ascensor? Oh, senora, where is the lift? Por allí. Over there. Muchas gracias. Many thanks. De nada. Not at all. To be... (for now) SER & ESTAR In Spanish there are two ways of saying 'is' or 'are'. It depends on whether the thing is permanent, if so ser is used: Juan es español Juan is Spanish But if the thing is only temporary, estar is used: Juan está triste Juan is sad (but hopefully not for ever...) I am sad estoy triste you are sad está triste he / she is sad está triste el señor la señora la señorita In Spain Mr Mrs Miss For courtesy or politeness, the Spanish use the with titles when talking about someone in the third person (i.e. about them to someone else). Listen to the dialogue. Identify the Spanish for where - now - here - please - an appointment - a lift Say aloud in Spanish. If the pronoun ( I, you, etc) is underlined, include the Spanish pronoun: 1. Natalia is in the bank. 2. Do you work in the office? 3. Is Patricia Spanish? 4. Where is the restaurant? 5. Do you have an appointment? 6. is in Madrid now. 7. Hello, yes, I m here! 8. Does work in Spain? 9. Señora López is in the hotel. 10. Where are you now? In the lift? 11. She is at the station. If you say Juan es triste, then he s a truly sad case, a permanent condition. Estar is used to show a location (even one that seems to be permanent): Madrid está en España Madrid is in Spain 6

13 R5 goes to the office of Juan González. Juan Juan Buenos días, Juan. Good morning, Juan. Buenos días,, cómo estás? Good morning,, how are you?. Muy bien, gracias. Y tú? Cómo estás? Very well, thanks. And you? How are you? Perfecto, gracias. Ven, es por aquí. Very good, thanks. Come, it s this way. Formal and familiar you : tú and usted Like in some other languages (though not English), there are two ways of saying you in Spanish. There is the formal way with usted, and the familiar way with tú. You use tú with people you know. In business tú is used more and more. If you are on first-name terms you use tú. When you first meet you use usted _ then listen to how they address you, is it tú or usted? Follow their lead. To people you don t know and aren t likely to see again, e.g. a taxi-driver, waiter, receptionist, passerby, one-off customer, person in the next hotel room, stick to usted. To people you are likely to build a rapport with, switch to tú after initial formalities. To children, whether you know them or not, use tú. The older generation may appreciate you sticking to usted for a while longer (the older the longer). The tú form of the verb is very similar _ just add an s (except for SER, which is eres). do you live in London? do you work in Madrid? are you okay? are you from Bristol? vives (tú) en Londres? trabajas (tú) en Madrid? estás (tú) bien? eres (tú) de Bristol? Está bien? Which of the above two questions (both mean Are you okay?) would you use with... Estás bien? 1. An office receptionist whom you don t know and who is frightened of spiders. 2. A child you don t know who has fallen over on the pavement. 3. A waiter who has dropped his tray. 4. A switchboard operator, whose voice has gone strange. 5. A Spanish colleague you bump into in a shop. 6. The same colleague s father in the shop. 7. The same colleague s son. 8. A hotel receptionist who you see regularly and have got to know. 9. Your teacher. 7

14 Role play You have arrived at a company. Your tutor is the receptionist. Cómo se llama? Dónde trabaja? Quiero ver al señor Vázquez. Para qué compañía trabaja? She asks your name She asks who you work for She says it s fine for you to go to his office and gives you a floor number. What number is it? Say hello Say who you are Tell her, and say you have a meeting with señor Vázquez Ask her where the lift is, thank her and say goodbye R6 starts a presentation to his colleagues Buenos días a todos. Me llamo Smith. Gracias por su hospitalidad. Tengo los documentos de Inglaterra. Ahora voy a hablar en Inglés... Good morning everyone. My name is Smith. Thank you for your hospitality. I have the documents from England. Now I m going to speak in English... Role plays Introduce yourself to a group, say where you are from and which company you work for, and say you are going to speak in English. Soy de Manchester en Inglaterra. Spanish surnames S Spanish surnames are usually in pairs because people keep both their father s and mother s surnames. Take the roles of each of the people in the cards, and introduce yourself. Buenos días a todos. Soy el Jefe de Producción. Davinia García López Directora de Ventas y Marketing San Miguel Barcelona, España Javier Morales Núñez Jefe Financiero Técnica Barcelona, España Carmen Plaza Fernández Oficial de Recursos Humanos El País Madrid, España Gabriel Álvarez Cruz Gerente de Producción Séat Valladolid, España José Rodríguez Jefe Comercial Technoteach Sevilla España Manuel Martínez Jefe Corporativo de Informática Celsa Londres, Inglaterra 8

15 R7 returns to the hotel. Another guest is at reception. Cruz Rec. Cruz Rec. Rec. Rec. Rec. Rec. Rec. Buenas tardes, Pablo. Tienes la llave de la habitación 15? Good evening, Pablo. Do you have the key for room 15? Sí, señorita Cruz. Good evening, señorita Cruz. Gracias. Hasta luego. Thanks. See you. Hasta mañana. (To ) Señor? See you tomorrow. Señor? Habitación 5 por favor. Room 5 please. Ah, señor Smith, de Inglaterra, verdad? Ah, señor Smith, from England, yes? Sí. Yes. Soy Pablo Orantes. Soy el marido de María. I am Pablo Orantes. I am María s husband. Ah, encantado de conocerle. Ah, good to meet you. Encantado. Le gusta Madrid? Delighted. You like Madrid? Sí, mucho. Yes, a lot. Excelente. Habitación 5 Aquí tiene. Excellent. Room 5... Here we are. Gracias. Thank you. De nada. Buenas noches señor Smith. My pleasure. Good night señor Smith. Buenas noches. Good night. Role play You are the receptionist at a hotel. Your tutor is a guest coming back in the evening. Numbers once 11 doce 12 trece 13 catorce 14 quince 15 dieciséis 16 diecisiete 17 dieciocho 18 diecinueve 19 veinte 20 Saying goodbye Adiós is the standard word for goodbye. Hasta luego or hasta la vista is more familiar ( see you soon ). Good night is buenas noches, though this can also mean good evening - after 9pm or so. Count to twenty in Spanish. If you are in a group, when someone gets it wrong or is too slow the next person continues. The winner is the person who gets to twenty! Now do the same, counting back to zero from twenty. Say good evening. Wish her a good night and say you ll see her in the morning. She asks for her key. What room number does she ask for? Say aloud in Spanish. As before, include the pronoun if underlined: 1. Thanks very much. See you tomorrow. 2. Not at all, see you soon. 3. Delighted to meet you. 4. What is your name? Are you English? 5. My name is Jones. I am in room Good evening. I am from Bristol. 7. He does not work here. 8. Where do you live, señor? 9. Do you live in Spain, Jorge? 10. Welcome to Madrid, Señora Smith. 11. Where is the bank? Do you work in the bank? 12. I work for Airbus. 13. The key for room 14, please. 9

16 Unit TWO Food and drink María María María María María María María R8 Key expressions cómo estás? una mesa para dos qué quiere tomar? voy a tomar quiero tomar para mí... voy a pagar con tarjeta de crédito cuánto cuesta(n)? R9 has breakfast at the hotel. Buenos días, María. Good morning, María. Buenos días,, cómo estás? Good morning,, how are you? Muy bien gracias. Very well thank you. Bien, qué quieres tomar? Good. What would you like? Un café, por favor. A coffee please. Un café con leche, cortado o solo? Coffee with milk, cortado or sólo? Con leche por favor. With milk please. Quieres algo para comer? Do you want something to eat? Sí, qué tienes? Yes, what do you have? Tenemos churros, croissants, bollos variados. We have churros, croissants, various pastries. Tienes pan? Do you have bread? Sí, con mantequilla y mermelada o con tomate y aceite? Yes. With butter and jam or with tomato and oil? Con tomate y aceite, por favor. With tomato and oil, please. Muy bien. Very good. how are you? a table for two what would you like to have? I m going to have... I would like to have... for me... I m going to pay with a credit card how much is it? Breakfast in Spain Breakfast (el desayuno) is a light meal, usually coffee and perhaps a pastry to eat, a croissant or churros (a sort of doughnut mixture fried in strips) or pan (bread). Coffee is either con leche or solo (black). Un cortado is a small cup of coffee with milk. In hotels breakfast is usually served from a.m. Singular and plural Words that can be masculine or feminine can also be singular or plural. The has plural forms as well as masculine and feminine ones: el tomate los tomates la habitación las habitaciones The plural of words that end with a vowel: add -s and with a consonant: add -es. Note the plural of words ending -ción end -ciones Say aloud in Spanish: 1. Two rooms, please. 2. Three coffees, please. 3. Do you have churros? 4. Twelve rooms in the hotel. 5. Eight shops in Sevilla. 6. Five banks in the centre 7. Four appointments! 8. She works with the manager of the hotel. 10

17 How much? Cuánto cuesta(n)? If you are asking the cost of one thing: Cuánto cuesta una sangría? How much is a sangría? and more than one: Cuánto cuestan las cervezas? How much are the beers? Saying how much son cuarenta céntimos it is 0,40 es un euro it is 1 es un euro (con) treinta it is 1,30 son diez euros it is 10 son doce euros (con) cuarenta it is 12,40 son veinticuatro euros (con) sesenta y cinco it is 24,65 son noventa y nueve euros (con) cincuenta it is 99,50 Es is used for one euro (i.e. singular). Son (plural of es) is used for two euros or more (or céntimos). Role play Your tutor now serves you breakfast at a café... Say good morning Ask what they have Make your choice(s) Say aloud in Spanish: 1. How much is the omelette? _ 5,00 2. How much is the coffee? _ 1,50 3. How much are the churros? _ 2,80 4. How much is the room? _ 120,00 5. How much are four beers? _ 6,00 6. How much is the gazpacho? _ 4,40 7. How much are the tomatoes? _ 2,25 8. How much is the paella? _ 4,95 She asks what you would like She lists the drinks and food Numbers 21 upwards veintiuno/veintiuna veintidós treinta treinta y cinco cuarenta cuarenta y seis cincuenta cincuenta y nueve sesenta setenta ochenta noventa cien ciento ocho ciento veintisiete More numbers on p.79 Spanish food The best known Spanish dish is without doubt the paella (saffron rice with seafood and/or chicken). This originated in the region of Valencia. Other traditional dishes include gazpacho (a tomato, pepper and cucumber soup served cold); pollo al ajillo (chicken in garlic sauce); cocido (a chickpeabased stew with ingredients variable according to the region); bacalao a la vizcaína (salted cod in a tomato sauce _ a Basque speciality); fabada asturiana (butter bean stew with chorizo and pork, from Asturias); pisto manchego (a Spanish ratatouille, from La Mancha); merluza a la gallega (hake in parsley sauce, a speciality from Galicia) and papas arrugadas con mojo ("wrinkled" potatoes in their jackets with a spicy sauce, from the Canaries). Tortilla is also a common mealtime staple: a delicious omelette made with fried potatoes (and onions or green peppers). Ask for the bill. How much does she say it costs? 11

18 R10 has lunch at a restaurant with Juan González, the manager of the Spanish company. Juan Una mesa para dos, por favor. A table for two, please. Cam. (waiter) Cam. Juan Cam. Juan Juan Cam. Juan Juan Cam. Juan Cam. Juan Cam. Sí, síganme. Yes, follow me. Gracias. Thank you. Quieren el menú o la carta? Do you want the set menu or a la carte? El menú, por favor. The set menu please. Aquí tienen. Quieren algo para beber? Here you are. Would you like something to drink? Sí, para mí un agua mineral, por favor. Yes, for me a mineral water, please. Y para mí un zumo de naranja. And for me an orange juice. Y una botella de vino blanco con la comida. And a bottle of white wine with the meal. Muy bien. Vino de la casa? Very good. The house wine? Sí., qué vas a tomar? Yes., what are you going to have? De primero yo voy a tomar una ensalada mixta. As a first course, I m going to have a mixed salad. Para mí, una sopa de verduras para empezar. As a starter, vegetable soup for me. Muy bien, y de segundo? Very good, and the next course? Yo voy a tomar un cocido. I m going to have a cocido. Yo quiero un plato de paella. I would like a plate of paella. Lo siento, señor, pero la paella es mínimo para dos personas. Sorry, señor, but the paella is for a minimum two people. Vale, yo también voy a tomar la paella. Fine, I ll have the paella as well. Muy bien. Very good. Lunch in Spain Lunch is generally served much later than in the UK, at 2 or even 3pm. It is usually the main meal of the day. In a restaurant you may be offered el menú (set menu, the chef s meal) or la carta (to choose à la carte). The waiter is el camarero, and waitress la camarera. La merienda is a mid-afternoon snack at around 5pm, when children are given a large roll (bocadillo) with cheese, ham, or a piece of chocolate, and parents have a coffee and pastry. Accents If a vowel carries an accent (á, í, é, ó, ú), this usually means you stress it: está la habitación Question words like cuánto (how much), por qué (why), quién (who) have accents to distinguish them from the non-interrogative uses of the same word, e.g. cuanto (he knew how much), porque (because) and quien (the one who...). Words ending -ción drop the accent in the plural: las habitaciones Within your group count to a hundred in Spanish: Every time you say a number that can be divided by 5 say the number and add Adelante! And every time you say a number that can be divided by 7 add Madre mía! Any mistakes... back you go and start again! Daily routine The Spanish may be famous for their siestas, but not all Spaniards take one every day. The siesta is more usual in the heat of the summer, when many people work una jornada intensiva. That is, they complete the whole day's work between 8am and 2pm, or even 7am and 3pm, without taking a break. The custom of resting after lunch does not imply that Spaniards sleep more than other people _ bars, restaurants and some cinemas are open until well after midnight, and you will see families with young children out until late. 12

19 R11 and Juan González finish their lunch. Cam. Cam. Juan Cam. Juan Juan Cam. Juan Cam. Juan Cam. Juan Juan. Señores, está todo bien? Is everything ok, gentlemen? Sí, todo muy bien, gracias. Yes, eveything s very good, thanks. Quieren ver la carta de postres? Would you like to see the dessert menu? Qué tienen? What do you have? Tenemos flan, helado, tarta de queso, pastel de chocolate y fruta del tiempo. We have creme caramel, ice cream, cheesecake, chocolate cake and fruit in season. Hmmm, delicioso! Hmmm delicious! Lo siento, pero no tenemos tiempo para el postre. Tenemos una reunión ahora. Sorry, but we have no time for dessert. We have a meeting now. Siempre trabajas,! You are always working,! Entonces un café? A coffee then? Quizás... sí, un cortado para mí, por favor. Maybe... yes, a white coffee for me, please. Y para mí, uno solo. And for me a black coffee. Muy bien. Very good.. Y la cuenta, por favor. And the bill, please. Sí, ahora mismo. Yes, I ll get it now. Juan, yo pago, por favor. I want to pay, please. No, no, yo pago. No, no, I am paying. Yo invito, insisto. My invitation, I insist. Vale, pero yo pago la próxima. Ok, but I pay for the next one. Muy bien. Very good. café con leche... 0,90 cortado... 0,60 solo... 0,50 cerveza... 1,40 zumo de naranja... 1,30 agua mineral... 1,20 vino blanco (una copa)... 2,25 vino blanco (una botella)... 6,75 vino tinto (una copa)... 2,25 vino tinto (una botella)... 6,75 vino rosado (una copa)... 2,25 vino rosado (una botella)... 6,75 sangría... 4,95 Service charge It is standard in Spain to tip in bars and restaurants, 5% - 10%. Some establishments have a service charge already added to the bill. If you are unsure, don't be afraid to ask. El servicio está incluido? Is the service included? croissant... 0,60 café... 0,95 churros... 0,75 mermelada... 1,40 pan... 0,65 aceitunas... 1,25 Cuánto cuesta(n)...? E.g.... los churros? son 0,75... un croissant es 1, una copa de vino blanco? dos croissants? la mermelada? el pan? una agua mineral? un zumo de naranja? tres cervezas? una sangría? cuatro cortados? las aceitunas? 13

20 R12 goes out for an evening meal. Cam. Cam. Cam. Cam. Cam. Buenas noches, una mesa para una persona, por favor. Good evening, a table for one, please. Lo siento, pero no estamos abiertos, señor. Abrimos a las nueve. Por allí hay un bar de tapas. Sorry, but we are not open, señor. We open at nine. Over there is a tapas bar. Gracias. Thanks. Saying more of the letters j no corresponding letter in ( goes and sits in the bar) Sí, señor? Yes, señor? Una cerveza, por favor. A beer please. Quiere algo para picar? Do you want something to nibble? Sí, gracias, qué tienen? Yes thank you, what do you have? English - like a hard h (make as if to spit from the back of your mouth or like a cat hissing). Jamón (ham) g like g in golf except before e or i, when it is like the j above. gu the u has no sound, but makes the g when it appears before an e or i like the g before a, o and u ( guerra, guisado ). Aceitunas, patatas fritas, calamares, tortilla, queso, ensaladilla rusa, boquerones, pulpo... Olives, crisps, squid, omelette, cheese, russian salad, anchovies in vinegar, octopus... Pues... aceitunas y ensaladilla rusa... y calamares. Oh... olives and russian salad... and squid. Muy bien. Very good. Role play Your tutor is the waitress... Voy a tomar... Para mí... Quiero... Say what you want to drink She asks what you would like TAPAS aceitunas patatas fritas calamares tortilla queso ensaladilla rusa boquerones pulpo Ask what she has Choose two or three tapas She asks if you want some tapas She lists the tapas Now ask for the bill. How much does she say the total comes to? 14

21 R13 returns to the restaurant. Cam. Cam. Cam. Cam. Cam. Cam. Cam. Cam. Cam. Cam. Buenas noches otra vez! Good evening again! Una mesa para una persona? A table for one? Sí. Yes. Aquí, señor? Here, señor? Bien. Fine.. La carta, señor? The menu señor? Gracias. Thanks. Quiere algo de beber? Do you want something to drink? Sí, qué tienen? Yes, what do you have? Cerveza, vino... vino tinto, vino blanco, vino rosado, sangría... Beer, wine... red wine, white wine, rosé, sangría... Vino tinto, por favor. Red wine, please. Una botella o una copa? A bottle or a glass? Pues... una botella por favor. Oooh... a bottle please. Y para comer? And to eat? Para empezar gazpacho, por favor. Y de segundo un bistec. To begin gazpacho, please. And to follow a steak. Muy bien Cómo quiere el bistec? Very good. How do you like the steak? Perdone? Pardon? El bistec... poco hecho o muy hecho? The steak... rare or well done? Poco hecho, por favor. Rare, please. Muy bien. Very good. The evening meal Like lunch, supper is served much later than in the UK. Some restaurants don t open until 9pm or even In Spain, el bistec (the steak) is usually a thinner and smaller cut than a steak in the UK. poco hecho medio muy hecho Say aloud in Spanish: rare medium well done 1. For me, a coffee with milk. 2. Do we have a meeting now? 3. The bill, please. 4. Is the bottle of red wine on the table? 5. Two beers, please. 6. I want to have the house wine. 7. Sixteen tomatoes. 8. Twenty-two olives. 9. The cheese, please. 10. The key for room 15, please. 11. I m going to have an orange juice. 12. Do you want a mineral water? Say aloud in Spanish: 1. A table for six, please. 2. I would like the à la carte menu. 3. What would you like? 4. I m going to have tortilla as a starter. 5. Javier, do you want red or white wine? 6. I want rosé, please, the house wine. 7. As a second course I m going to have the steak. Well done, please. No, sorry... medium. 8. For me, vegetable soup to start with and then the paella. 9. This is delicious. 10. The bill please. I am going to pay. 11. No, I want to pay. 15

22 Role play Once again your tutor is the waiter/waitress... Ask for a table for two Choose à la carte (listed) Choose a drink Choose from the menu, and choose your wine or alternative She offers a choice of menus She offers drinks She asks what you want to eat, first and second course Entrantes: Sopa de Cebolla 3.50 Ensalada de tomate y queso 4.30 Gazpacho 4.00 Calamares a la romana 6.50 Croquetas 4.50 Tortilla española 4.65 Pescados Pescadito frito 5.50 Gambas a la plancha 8.75 Guisado de pescado Arroces Paella mixta Arroz a la marinera Arroz negro More role play Now it s your turn to do the waiting. Your colleague(s) or your tutor choose a meal from the menu. Ask what they would like, both to drink and to eat. Make a note of what they order and prepare a bill. When they ask how much, tell them. Match the English with the Spanish. Use the wordlists at the end of the course to check your answers. Choose five of the English words that you think will be most useful. laptop mobile wallet briefcase document birthday suitcase son daughter colleague friend meeting móvil, el monedero, el hijo, el cumpleaños, el maleta, la hija, la colega, el/la amigo, el reunión, la documento, el portátil, el maletín, el Carnes Pollo al horno 7.00 Bistec a la plancha 8.00 Entrecot a la pimienta Postres Fruta del tiempo 2.00 Manzana al horno 3.00 Helado casero 3.50 Flan 2.50 Pastel de chocolate 3.50 Bebidas Vino de la casa (blanco, rosado, tinto) 2.00 Sangría (1 litro) 7.50 Refrescos 1.75 Zumos 2.00 *Servicio, pan y aceitunas es un euro extra por persona. Fill the gaps and translate: 1. Mi maletín ESTAR... en la oficina. 2. ESTAR... los documentos en el portátil? 3. Mi colega COMPRAR... un nuevo móvil. 4. QUERER... una mesa para mí y mis dos hijos, por favor. 5. Hoy SER... el cumpleaños de María? 16

23 Regular verbs - and all the pronouns TRABAJAR COMER VIVIR (to work) (to eat) (to live) I yo trabajo como vivo you (familiar) tú trabajas comes vives you (formal) usted trabaja come vive he/she/it él/ella trabaja come vive we nosotros/as trabajamos comemos vivimos you (pl. familiar) vosotros/as trabajáis coméis vivís you (pl. formal) ustedes trabajan comen viven they ellos/ellas trabajan comen viven The pronoun in Spanish for we is nosotros (all female we is nosotras) or you plural is ustedes if formal and vosotros/as if familiar; and they is ellos if male or mixed, and ellas if females. Remember that the pronoun is only used for emphasis or clarity. These three verbs represent the three principal patterns of verbs. Many others share the same endings: - like TRABAJAR: hablar to speak, comprar to buy, tomar to take, have (food) - like COMER: beber to drink - like VIVIR: escribir to write Note In the south of Spain, in South America and in the Canary Islands only the formal form (ustedes) is used for the plural you. Fill the gaps: 1. Señores, [VIVIR]... en Barcelona? 2. Nosotros [TRABAJAR]... mucho! 3. Ellos [TRABAJAR]... para Telefónica. 4. Juan y Manuel [VIVIR]... aquí. 5. Dónde... [VIVIR] ellas? 6. José, qué [COMER]...? 7. María, [HABLAR]... inglés? 8. Vosotros [COMER]... mucho! 9. Ellas [BEBER]... siempre? 10. Nosotros [TOMAR]... cerveza. 11. Ustedes [COMPRAR]... la casa? 12. Ana, qué [ESCRIBIR]...? Say aloud in Spanish: 1. I work in Madrid. 2. Juan and Pablo, they work in Bilbao. 3. We do not work in the hotel. 4. We do not live in the station! 5. Davinia and Clara, do you live in Spain? 6. Do you (pl.) live in England? 7. We are eating in the house. 8. She is having (taking) a coffee. 9. Do you (pl. familiar) drink white wine? 10. Do they eat octopus? 11. Davinia and Clara, they eat squid. 12. Are you (pl. familiar) buying a house? 13. A glass of house wine, please. 14. Is she having a mixed salad? 15. Is he writing to a colleague? 16. Excuse me, do you work here? 17

24 Irregular verbs - and all the pronouns The verbs listed above are called regular verbs because they conform to a type. Other verbs, like llevar (to take, wear) and pagar (to pay) have the same forms as comprar, hablar and tomar. That means you do not need to learn them all individually. QUERER and TENER are irregular verbs, so called because they are eccentric and do not conform in the same way. You will see how below. They need learning just as much as the regular ones, for they are used a lot! SER and ESTAR are about as irregular as verbs can get _ and no verbs are used more... QUERER TENER SER ESTAR (to want) (to have) (to be) (to be temporarily) I... yo quiero tengo soy estoy you (familiar)... tú quieres tienes eres estás you (formal)... usted quiere tiene es está he/she/it... él/ella quiere tiene es está we... nosotros queremos tenemos somos estamos you (pl. familiar)... vosotros queréis tenéis sois estáis you (pl. formal)... ustedes quieren tienen son están they... ellos/ellas quieren tienen son están Fill the gaps: 1. Ellas siempre QUERER... comer! 2. Ustedes TENER... una mesa? 3. Nosotros no ESTAR... tristes. 4. Ellos SER... de Valencia. 5. Juan, VIVIR... en Barcelona? 6. Hola Pablo y Juan! ESTAR... bien? 7. Carmen, qué QUERER... beber? 8. Perdón, señor, HABLAR... inglés? 9. María, SER... tú la directora del hotel? 10. Cuántos colegas TENER... en tu oficina, José? Pair a pronoun below with any sentence you like from below right, and say aloud with the verb in its correct form. Repeat and vary until you are confident of the verbs! él COMPRAR un móvil COMER los calamares vosotros...? ellas ustedes...? yo tú...? nosotros ellos usted...? ella example : ellos toman cerveza Say aloud in Spanish: 1. Does she want a croissant? 2. Yes, we are from England. 3. Juan and Pablo, are you from Spain? 4. Are you sad, Clara? 5. Excuse me, do you have a reservation? 6. Do they have the keys? 7. Davinia and Clara _ they are here. 8. Is the bread on the table? 9. Mr González _ are you from England? 10. Ana, do you work in Spain? TENER la llave BEBER agua TOMAR cerveza QUERER comida TRABAJAR en Madrid SER de Canadá ESTAR en la estación VIVIR! HABLAR inglés 18

25 Unit THREE Out and about R14 Key expressions dónde está...? hay... lo siento está todo recto (gire) a la izquierda (gire) a la derecha te gusta(n) me gusta(n)... cuánto cuesta(n)? where is...? there is.../there are... sorry it s straight on (turn) to/on the left (turn) to/on the right do you like...? I like... how much is it (are they)? R15 has breakfast again at the hotel. Buenos días, María. Good morning, María. María Buenos días,, cómo estás? Good morning,, how are you? Regular. Ayer por la noche... So so. Last night... María Oh pobre! Qué quieres tomar? Poor you! What do you want to have? Nada. Nothing. María Nada? No quieres un café? Nothing? You don t want a coffee? Bueno, sí, un café con leche por favor. Well, yes, a coffee with milk please. María Muy bien... (She brings the coffee) Very good... Gracias. Thanks. María De nada. You re welcome. Oh María, hay una farmacia por aquí? Oh María, is there a chemist near here? María Sí, muy cerca. Yes, very near. María María María (He spills his coffee) Agh! Perdón. Agh! Sorry. No hay ningún problema. No problem. Lo siento. Sorry. Pobre hombre! Poor man! Hay una tienda de camisas por aquí? Is there a shirt shop here? Sí, también está muy cerca... Yes, that is very near as well... Shops in Spain Shops generally open between 9am and 1pm and then 5 to 8 or 8.30pm. In the summer they often open earlier and close later. El Corte Inglés, a popular large department store, is open all day. Most shops are closed on Sundays and El Corte Inglés opens only a few Sundays a year. Post offices (Correos) tend to open from 9am-2pm Monday to Friday and 9am-1pm Saturday. More often than not there are queues at the stamp counter but stamps can also be bought from tobacconists. Post boxes are painted bright yellow although you may see a red one which is for express mail. Match the Spanish places to their English equivalents: bar museum hospital restaurant chemist supermarket airport cinema embassy station el aeropuerto la farmacia el supermercado la estación el bar el cine la embajada el restaurante el museo el hospital 19

26 R16 In the street. Perdón, señorita. Excuse me, señorita. Señorita Sí? Yes? Dónde está la farmacia? Where is the chemist? Señorita La farmacia? Está todo recto, enfrente del cine. The chemist? It is straight on, opposite the cinema. A cuántos metros? How many metres? Señorita Más o menos a sesenta metros, y hay otra farmacia cerca de la estación. More or less sixty metres, and there is another chemist near the station. Gracias. Thank you. Señorita De nada. My pleasure. Fill the gaps and translate: 1. TENER... tú el menú? 2. Dónde ESTAR... la oficina? 3. QUERER... él comprar una camisa? 4. A cuántos metros ESTAR... las tiendas? Say aloud in Spanish: 5. Excuse me, señor, do you live in Madrid? 6. Where is the shop? Is it near? 7. Is the chemist opposite the hotel? 8. Do you want a coffee, Ana? 9. Is there a restaurant near the station? Another letter d between an English d and the voiced th of the. R17 At the chemist with el dependiente (shop assistant). Depend. Depend. Depend. Depend. Depend. Depend. Depend. Medical services For free or reduced-cost medical treatment in Spain apply online at for a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) or at a Post Office. For a cold or minor complaint, Spanish chemists (farmacias) are helpful and can save a visit to the doctor. Doctors are more specialised than in the UK, and so too are chemists (for toiletries go to la perfumería). A closed chemist should have a sign showing where one is open. A&E departments are called Urgencias. Dentists are private and generally more expensive than in the UK. Buenos días. Qué desea? Morning. What would you like? Sí, tengo mucho dolor de cabeza. Tienen aspirinas? Yes, I have a bad headache. Do you have any aspirins? No, no tenemos aspirinas, pero tenemos paracetamol. No, we do not have aspirins, but we have paracetamol. Ah, bien bien! Ah, good good! Tiene que tomar una pastilla cada seis horas, con el estómago lleno. You have to take one pill every six hours, on a full stomach. Ah, gracias. Cuánto es? Ah, thank you. How much is it? Son tres euros con cincuenta céntimos. They are three euros, 50 cents. Es muy caro! That s very expensive! Como desee. Hay otra farmacia cerca de la estación. As you wish. There is another pharmacy near the station. No, no, está bien! No, no, that s fine! Señor, su camisa, está manchada. Señor, your shirt has a stain. Sí, ya lo sé. Gracias, adiós. Yes i already know that. Thanks, goodbye. De nada. Adiós, señor. You re welcome. Goodbye, señor. 20

27 Role play You meet a friend in the street (your tutor). Say hi and catch up. S/he asks where the art gallery is. You explain. la iglesia el cine el museo de arte More prepositions You are here 50 m near far from opposite next to behind underneath on top of cerca de lejos de enfrente de al lado de detrás de debajo de encima de Adjectives Adjectives can be masculine or feminine, and singular or plural. It depends on the noun or thing that they are describing. el sombrero caro the expensive hat la camisa cara the expensive shirt (singular, feminine) los pantalones caros the expensive trousers (plural masculine) las botas caras the expensive boots (plural feminine) Say aloud in Spanish: metres on the left metres on the right. 3. It is next to the station. 4. Turn left after the station. 5. It is 360 euros. 6. Opposite the hotel. 7. Underneath the table. 8. Near the office. 9. On the laptop. 10. In a meeting In a dictionary an adjective appears in the masculine with the feminine given as an alternative: caro/cara (expensive), trabajador/trabajadora (hard-working), catalán/catalana (Catalan). A few adjectives only have one form for both masculine and feminine e.g. feliz (happy), belga (Belgian), marrón (brown), azul (blue). Generally the adjective comes after the noun, especially if it is describing a colour, shape, status or origin: el sombrero marrón the brown hat la mesa redonda the round table la mujer casada the married woman una chica española a Spanish girl An adjective may come before the noun if it is simply enriching the description, not distinguishing the noun from another: la deliciosa comida the delicious meal An adjective may come after a verb usually is or are : la comida está deliciosa the meal is delicious 21

28 R18 In the street again. Señorita Señorita Señorita Señorita Señorita Hombre Señorita Hombre Señorita Hombre Ah, señorita, hola otra vez! Ah señorita, hello again! Sí? Yes? Perdone, dónde hay una tienda de camisas por aquí? Excuse me, where is there a shirt shop near here? Encontró la farmacia? Did you find the chemist? Sí gracias, pero ahora necesito comprar una camisa. Yes thanks, but now I must buy a shirt. Ah sí! Hay una tienda a dos cientos cincuenta metros a la izquierda. Ah, yes! There is a shop 250 metres on the left. Está al lado de la comisaría? It is next to the police station? No, la comisaría está a la derecha. La tienda de camisas está a la izquierda. No, the police station is on the right. The shirt shop is on the left. Muchas gracias. Thanks very much. Hasta luego. Until next time. Perdón, señor, dónde está la calle Capitán O Donnell? Excuse me, señor, where is Capitán O Donnell Street? No sé, lo siento. Yo no vivo aquí. I don t know, sorry. I do not live here. Gire a la derecha doscientos metros después de la iglesia. Turn left 200m after the church. Gracias Thanks. Sabe cómo arreglar mi coche? No funciona! Do you know how to mend my car? It s not working! Sí, sí... no hay ningún problema... Yes, yes... that s no problem... Bearing in mind the difference in meaning between SER and ESTAR, match each Spanish sentence with the corresponding English one. Say aloud in Spanish: 1. A Spanish man. 2. An expensive shop. 3. Many vegetables. 4. Are you married, José? 5. A delicious Spanish meal bottles are underneath the table in the police station. 7. A brown suitcase is at the reception. 8. Is she buying the expensive trousers as well? 9. Antonio is Spanish, Clare is English. 10. The hospital is new. Yo estoy en la estación María está lista María es lista Ricardo es triste Ricardo está triste Ricardo está feliz Manuel es raro Manuel está raro Está bien Es una buena idea Ricardo is a sad person It is a good idea Ricardo is sad I am in the station Manuel is a bit strange today María is intelligent Ricardo is happy It is OK María is ready Manuel is a strange person 22