PUERTOS INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL. Juan L Suárez de Vivero

Tamaño: px

Comenzar la demostración a partir de la página:

Download "PUERTOS INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL. Juan L Suárez de Vivero"

Rocío Coronel Carrasco
hace 8 años
Vistas:

1 PUERTOS INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL Juan L Suárez de Vivero

3 INFRAESTRUCTURAS Geography and History PORTUARIAS of Maritime Transport Un puerto marítimo es un área de tierra y mar, unida al mar por una conexión navegable, siendo considerada en esencia una entidad con sus medios o instalaciones naturales y artificiales. En segundo lugar, un puerto marítimo constituye un medio cuyas funciones básicas son proporcionar refugio a los barcos y permitir que personas y / o mercancías sean transbordadas de un modo de transporte a otro, siendo normalmente uno de ellos una nave oceánica.

En segundo lugar, un puerto marítimo constituye un medio cuyas funciones básicas son proporcionar refugio a los barcos y permitir que

4 INFRAESTRUCTURAS Geography and History PORTUARIAS of Maritime Transport LOS PUERTOS MARÍTIMOS SON INTERFACES ENTRE LOS DISTINTOS MODOS DE TRANSPORTE Y SON TÍPICAMENTE CENTROS DE TRANSPORTE COMBINADO. EN SUMA, SON ÁREAS MULTIFUNCIONALES COMERCIALES E INDUSTRIALES DONDE LAS MERCANCÍAS NO SOLO ESTÁN EN TRÁNSITO, SINO TAMBIÉN SON MANIPULADAS, MANUFACTURADAS Y DISTRIBUÍDAS.

5 INFRAESTRUCTURAS Geography and History PORTUARIAS of Maritime Transport LOS PUERTOS SON SISTEMAS MULTIFUNCIONALES LOS CUALES PARA FUNCIONAR ADECUADAMENTE, DEBEN SER INTEGRADOS EN LA CADENA LOGÍSTICA GLOBAL. UN PUERTO EFICIENTE REQUIERE NO SOLO INFRAESTRUCTURA, SUPERESTRUCTURA Y EQUIPAMIENTO ADECUADOS, SINO TAMBIÉN BUENAS COMUNICACIONES Y ESPECIALMENTE UN EQUIPO DE GESTIÓN DEDICADO Y CUALIFICADO Y CON MANO DE OBRA MOTIVIDA Y ENTRENADA.

UN PUERTO EFICIENTE REQUIERE NO SOLO INFRAESTRUCTURA, SUPERESTRUCTURA Y EQUIPAMIENTO ADECUADOS, SINO TAMBIÉN

6 INFRAESTRUCTURAS Geography and History PORTUARIAS of Maritime Transport LOCALIZACIÓN Y EVOLUCIÓN DE PUERTOS: LOCALIZACIÓN (GEOECONOMÍA: CENTROS EMISORES Y RECEPTORES; POLOS ECONÓMICOS; PRODUCCIÓN DE MATERIAS PRIMAS); CAMBIOS GEOECONÓMICOS Y SISTEMA PORTUARIO MUNDIAL.

(GEOECONOMÍA: CENTROS EMISORES Y RECEPTORES; POLOS ECONÓMICOS;

7 INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING LANES AND CO2 EMISSIONS

9 East Asian countries (led by China) to become the largest trading bloc in 2015, surpassing the areas of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Euro Source: Review of maritime transport, UNCTAD

the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and

10 The share of merging developing economies in global real GDP is forecast to expand from 36.2 per cent in 2010 to 44.5 per cent in In line with economic growth, the share of all developing countries in international trade flows has also increased over the past few decades, rising from 30 per cent in 1995 to an estimated 42 per cent in Much of this growth is being generated by South-South and intraregional trade. Source: Review of maritime transport, UNCTAD

In line with economic growth, the share of all developing countries in international trade flows has also increased

11 In 2015 China will be the top exporter and importer and that by 2030 the world s largest trade corridor will not involve the United States or Europe, but will instead extend from the advanced to the emerging Asia of Thailand and Viet Nam. It is forecast that by per cent of exports from advanced Asia will go to emerging Asia, thus reinforcing the move eastwards and South South trade. Source: Review of maritime transport, UNCTAD

12 FACTORES DE EVOLUCIÓN: TECNOLÓGICOS (BUQUE, MANIPULACIÓN CARGA); LOGÍSTICA (INTERMODALIDAD).

13 THE EVOLUTION OF SHIPS AND DOCKS IN ROTTERDAM I

14 THE EVOLUTION OF SHIPS AND DOCKS IN ROTTERDAM II

15 Containers ships evolution From 3,830 TEU to 16,000 and 18,000 TEU

18 Container port throughput increased by 5.9 per cent World container port throughput increased by an estimated 5.9 per cent to million 20-foot equivalent units (TEUs) in 2011, its highest level ever. This increase was less than the 14.5 per cent increase of 2010 that sharply rebounded from the slump of Source: Review of maritime transport, UNCTAD

8 million 20-foot equivalent units (TEUs) in 2011, its highest level ever.

19 HONG KONG PORT

20 INFRAESTRUCTURAS Geography and History PORTUARIAS of Maritime Transport ROTTERDAM EXPANSION

21 Constraints to largest container ships - Maximum available size of the propulsion plant - Structural limitations of the ship hull - Water depth in port - Port access - Dimensions of canals and straits on the major world routes - The cargo handling facilities in ports Source: Maritime Logistics Management Project. Peter Batri

22 Source: Maritime Logistics Management Project. Peter Batri based on Horton 2008

23 Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport, various issues. For , the breakdown by type of dry cargo is based on Clarkson Research Services Shipping Review & Outlook, various issues. Data for 2012 are based on a forecast by Clarkson Research Services in Shipping Review & Outlook, spring 2012.

24 Source: Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by reporting countries, and data obtained from the relevant government, port industry and other specialist websites and sources. Figures are estimated based on preliminary data or on the last year for which data were available.

25 Source: Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by reporting countries, and data obtained from the relevant government, port industry and other specialist websites and sources. Figures are estimated based on preliminary data or on the last year for which data were available.

26 Risks for maritime transport include accelerated coastal erosion, port and coastal road inundation or Submersion, increased runoff and siltation requiring increased dredging, restrictions on access to docks, deterioration of conditions and problems with the structural integrity of pavements and railway tracks within port areas and related hinterland connections. Source: Review of maritime transport, UNCTAD

27 Climate change impacts on 135 ports megacities Assuming a sea-level rise of 0.5 metres by 2050, the value of exposed assets may be as high as $28 trillion. Source: Review of maritime transport, UNCTAD

28 This may involve integrating climate change considerations into transport and port investment and planning decisions, as well as into broader transport and port design and development plans Source: Review of maritime transport, UNCTAD

29 Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport, various issues. For , the breakdown by type of dry cargo is based on Clarkson Research Services Shipping Review & Outlook, various issues. Data for 2012 are based on a forecast by Clarkson Research Services in Shipping Review & Outlook, spring 2012.

30 Source: Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by reporting countries, and data obtained from the relevant government, port industry and other specialist websites and sources. Figures are estimated based on preliminary data or on the last year for which data were available.

31 Source: Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by reporting countries, and data obtained from the relevant government, port industry and other specialist websites and sources. Figures are estimated based on preliminary data or on the last year for which data were available.

32 Sources: LOUCHET, ANDRÉ. La panéte océano. Paris, Armand Colin, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Stephen F. DeAngelis, 2008 Review of maritime transport, UNCTAD

Documentos relacionados

Industry: an Outlook towards 2020

Mexican Automotive Industry: an Outlook towards 2020 October 9, 2015 El Paso, Texas Eduardo J. Solís Sánchez President Mexican Automotive Industry Association Automotive Sector Economic Relevance: Top