TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson 1: Consonants and Vowels - Basic Expressions - Basic Questions - Reducing Accent Common Mistakes... 1

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson 1: Consonants and Vowels - Basic Expressions - Basic Questions - Reducing Accent Common Mistakes Lesson 2: Nouns - Definite and Indefinite Articles - Verb: Hay - Everyday Expressions Common Mistakes...5 Lesson 3: Subject pronouns - Present Tense: AR Regular Verbs - Subject Pronouns - Verbs Gustar and Necesitar Spanglish Common Mistakes Lesson 4: Present Tense: ER - IR Regular Verbs - Everyday Expressions Common Mistakes Lesson 5: Numbers Time/Important Days Possessive Adjectives - Everyday Expressions Common Mistakes Lesson 6: Days - Months Seasons - Holidays Interrogative Questions Irregular verbs: Tener & Hacer - Prepositions: Antes de and después de Common Mistakes...33 Lesson 7: Family Members - Verbs: Conocer and Saber- Personal A Common Mistakes Lesson 8: Personal Characteristics - Nationalities - Verbs: Ser and Estar - Descriptive Adjetives Adjectives of Comparison Adjective Pronouns Comparative and Superlative Common Mistakes Lesson 9: Professions - Verb: Querer - Interrogative Question: Cuál - Adverbs - Everyday Expressions Common Mistakes Lesson 10: Parts of the body - Idiomatic Expressions with Tener - Adjective: Mucho(s) Mucha(s)- Adverbs: Muy and Mucho Common Mistakes Answers:

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3 A - is pronounced similarly to the a in father: casa (house). B - same sound as English B: beso (kiss). C - when the letter C is before the vowels a,o,u, the C sounds like ka : casa, cosa (thing), cuna (crib). When the letter C is before the vowels e,i, the C sounds like s : cena (dinner), cita (appointment). D - same sound as English D : dedo (finger). E - is pronounced similarly to the e in egg: elefante (elephant). F - is pronounced like the ph in photo: foto (photo). G - when the letter G is before the vowels a,o,u, the G sounds like the letter g in go: gato (cat), goma (glue), Gustavo. When G is before the vowels e,i, the G sounds like the h in hi : gelatina (jelly), girasol (sunflower). When you have the following combinations gue, gui, the G has a hard sound again: guitarra (guitar), guerra (war). H - is always silent: hola (hi). I - is pronounced like the ee in feet : sí (yes). J - sounds like h in hi : Jose, Juan. K - same sound as the English K: kilo (kilogram). L - same sound as the English L: leche (milk). LL - is pronounced like the y in yes : llama. M - same sound as the English M: mamá (mother). N - same sound as the English N: nada (nothing). Ñ - sounds like gn lasagna: España (Spain), pequeño (small). O - is pronounced like the o in plot : oso (bear). P - same sound as the English P: plátano (banana). Q - same sound as the English Q: When there is a u after the q ; the u is not pronounced: que (what), queso (cheese). R - At the beginning of a word, the r is rolled and sounds like RR : Roberto, ratón (mouse). In the middle of a word, the r has a soft sound: caro (expensive), para (for). RR - you need to roll your tongue to make this sound: carro (car). T - same sound as the English T: tú (you). U - is pronounced like the oo in boot: tú. V - sounds like B: vaca (cow). W - same sound as the English W: Walter. X - it has 3 sounds: ks : examen (test); s : Xiomara; h in English or j in Spanish: Mexica Y - same sound as the English Y: yo (I). no. Z - sounds like s : zapato (shoe). Lesson 1 2

4 3 A. BASIC EXPRESSIONS -Hola -Buenos días -Buenas tardes -Buenas noches -Adiós or chao -Hasta luego/nos vemos más tarde -Hasta la vista -Hasta mañana -Mucho gusto (de conocerlo/a) -El gusto es mío/igualmente -El placer es mío -Gracias -Por favor -De nada B. BASIC PREGUNTAS (questions) - Cómo te llamas? -Me llamo - Cuál es tu nombre? -Mi nombre es. - Cómo está(s)? -Bien (muy bien), gracias -(Un poco) cansado/a -(Un poco) ocupado/a -No muy bien -Más o menos - Y tú? - Cómo se dice.en español? C. PEOPLE -Señor (Sr.) -Señora (Sra.) / Señorita (Srta.) Hi Good morning Good afternoon Good night Bye See you later See you later See you tomorrow Nice to meet you Nice to meet you too It is my pleasure Thank you Please You are welcome What is your name? My name is What is your name? My name is How are you? Good (very well) thanks (A little) tired (A little) busy Not good So so And you? How do you say.in Spanish? Sir/Mr. Madam or Mrs. / Miss Lesson 1

5 A. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS Qué (what) would you say in the siguientes (following) situaciones (situations)? 1. It is 8:00 am, and you see your boss in the elevator. a) Buenos días b) Buenas noches c) Igualmente 2. Someone tells you; Mucho gusto de conocerlo. a) Buenas tardes b) Hola c) Igualmente 3. Your guests are leaving. a) Hola b) Hasta luego c) Buenos días 4. It s 9:00 pm and your mother is going to sleep. a) Cómo estás? b) Buenas noches c) Hasta luego 5. You are talking on the phone to your friend, and you will meet her in 2 hours. a) Hola b) Igualmente c) Nos vemos más tarde 6. Your Spanish teacher enters the classroom at 4pm. a) Buenas noches b) Buenos días c) Buenas tardes 7. You want to know how your friend is. a) Muy ocupada b) Cómo estás? c) Buenas noches 8. If you don t remember how to say so so in Spanish, what would you ask? a) Como se dice so, so en español? b) Como dice so, so en español? c) Qué es so, so en español? B. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER 1. Which one is correct? a) Me llamo Sofia. b) Me llamo es Sofia. 2. Translation for a little tired : a) Un poco ocupado/a. b) Un poco cansado/a. 3. Translation for nice to meet you too : a) Mucho gusto. b) El gusto es mío. Lesson 1 4

6 C. IMPROVING YOUR ACCENT You can improve your acento (accent) if you know how to divide palabras (words) into sílabas (syllables). Por ejemplo, (for example): the palabra: Señora 1. Se-ñor-a (Incorrect) 2. Se-ño-ra (correct) Now, say the first palabra slowly (sílaba by sílaba). Luego (then), say the second one slowly (sílaba by sílaba). Can you see the diferencia (difference)? 1. Divide the palabra señorita into sílabas. 2. Divide the palabra Hola into sílabas. 1. Incorrect: Correct: Me llamo es Juan. Me llamo Juan. NEVER use the verb es when you say me llamo.... Use es when you say mi nombre es. 2. Hola Sandra, Cómo estás? Incorrect: Muy bueno. 5 Lesson 1 Correct: Muy bien. NEVER use muy bueno when you answer how are you? Instead use muy bien. Bueno is an adjective; bien is an adverb.