Spanish 3 Unit 2, Lesson 7 Patterns Study Sheet

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1 Page 1 of 6 Figure It Out! María ha leído Don Quijote. Félix toca la flauta. Arturo le dio un libro de poemas a Rita. Puedes abrir este paquete para mí? Estamos preparando la comida para Juan. Haz esta tarea para mí! María lo ha leído. Félix la toca. Arturo se lo dio. Puedes abrírmelo? Se la estamos preparando. Házmela! Look at the underlined words in the right-hand column. Can you determine which words in the left-hand column they correspond to? Can you discover any patterns in which words are used and where they are placed? Introduction Isn't it amazing how a few VERY short words can cause so much confusion? Words such as: se, le, lo, la, les, los, las, me, te. These are the object pronouns. And it gets more complicated when you have to figure out how to combine them and what order to put them in. Rest assured, in this section you ll learn some useful information that will simplify the issue! First, the object pronouns will be reviewed in general. Then, you will learn about what happens when you use more than one in a sentence, and you'll also learn to deal with a couple of special cases. The Object Pronouns First, let's review what a pronoun is. When you don't want to keep naming something over and over again, you use a pronoun to take its place. For example, would you ever say the following in English? I saw my Spanish teacher yesterday and he asked me for my homework, so I gave my Spanish teacher my homework. Probably not. Instead, you would probably say something like: I saw my Spanish teacher yesterday and he asked me for my homework, so I gave it to him. In this sentence, "it" and "him" are pronouns. In fact, since they are both objects (receivers of the action) of the verb "gave," they are object pronouns, very similar in function to the Spanish pronouns that you will study in this activity All rights reserved. This material is intended for the exclusive use of registered users only.

2 Page 2 of 6 The following table shows the object pronouns in Spanish: SPANISH OBJECT PRONOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL 1 st person me nos 2 nd person te os 3 rd person lo/la [direct] le (se) [indirect] los/las [direct] les (se) [indirect] Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns You probably noticed that in the third person, the pronouns change according to whether the object is DIRECT or INDIRECT. In the other persons, the pronouns can also function as either direct or indirect; the only difference is that their form doesn't change. It's important to understand the difference between a direct and an indirect object pronoun. Direct Object Pronouns. As a general rule, direct object pronouns stand for a word that is the direct recipient of the action of the verb. Direct object pronouns often occur without any other object pronoun. Here are a few examples, with the direct object pronouns in bold: Fernando me vio. María te ama. Ellos nos invitaron. Yo lo dejé en la gaveta. Fernando saw me. María loves you. They invited us. I left it in the drawer. Indirect Object Pronouns. This type of object pronoun usually stands for something or someone that doesn't receive the action of the verb directly, but benefits from that action, or is affected by it or interested in it in some way. Usually, but not always, there is also a direct object present. Here are a few examples: Luis me dio los boletos. Te contaron el último chiste? Nos construyeron una bonita casa. Yo le dejé veinte dólares en la gaveta. Quién me quitó el pastel? Les quitaron los derechos. Luis gave me the tickets. Did they tell you the latest joke? They built us a nice house. I left twenty dollars in the drawer for him. Who took the cake away from me? They took their rights from them. You might have noticed that sometimes indirect objects are expressed in English with a simple pronoun, and sometimes they appear as a phrase beginning with "for," "to," or even "from." In Spanish, as you'll see later, you can also express the indirect object as a phrase, but you will almost always have to use the pronoun with it All rights reserved. This material is intended for the exclusive use of registered users only.

3 Page 3 of 6 More Than One Object Pronoun It's very common in Spanish for a verb to have two object pronouns. Except in rare cases, one of them stands for a direct object and the other stands for an indirect object. The indirect object pronoun almost always comes before the direct object. Here are a few examples. Notice that in these cases, English almost always puts the indirect object in a phrase. Nos lo dijeron ayer. Te las decoraron todas? Ya me lo arruinaste! They told it to us yesterday. Did they decorate all of them for you? You already ruined it for me! Change of le and les to se When the indirect object pronouns le and les come right before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, and las, they change to se. You've probably heard that se is called a "reflexive" or "impersonal" pronoun, but in this case it doesn't function that way. It's just a change that exists in Spanish to avoid combinations like le lo, les lo, le las and les la because they just don t sound right. Just remember, in Spanish you can never have two pronouns starting with l right next to each other. For example: Me pidieron la pelota, así que se la di. Se lo daré mañana. They asked me for the ball, so I gave it to them. I'll give it to you/him/her/it/them tomorrow. Notice that the indirect object se can stand for a lot of different people or even things. By itself it is hard to know what the speaker intended, and so when necessary, the speaker will often add a phrase to clarify who he or she means: Se la daré a usted mañana. Se la daré a ellos el jueves. I'll give it to you tomorrow. I'll give it to them on Thursday. Position of Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns The position of the object pronouns depends on the form of the verb that they are the object of. There are basically three cases: 2002 All rights reserved. This material is intended for the exclusive use of registered users only.

4 Page 4 of 6 PLACEMENT OF OBJECT PRONOUNS VERB TYPE PLACEMENT EXAMPLES Commands Infinitives and Gerunds Other Conjugated Verbs The object pronouns are placed after the verb and are attached to it. The object pronouns can always go after the infinitive or gerund (attaching to it). When the infinitive or gerund is preceded by an auxiliary (helping) verb, the pronouns can precede that verb. The direct object pronouns are placed before the verb. Relative Position of Object Pronouns Míreme! Hágaselo! Póntela! Ella está leyéndolo. Ella lo está leyendo. No quiere decírmelo. No me lo quiere decir. Puede habérselo dicho. Se lo puede haber dicho. Es bueno saberlo. Os damos la bienvenida. Me lo dices después de tantos años! Les enseñaron en la escuela. La razón te lo dice. In most cases, when you have two object pronouns one of them will be indirect and the other will be direct, and you just place the indirect before the direct. Remember this order: indirect object pronoun, direct object pronoun, and then verb. It may help you to recite in your head (or aloud) several times: indirect, direct, verb, indirect, direct, verb, indirect, direct, verb,. Summary Object pronouns are words that take the place of the direct or indirect objects of verbs, allowing you to avoid repeatedly mentioning those objects by name. There are two types: direct and indirect, and they are identical to each other except in the third person, where le and les (indirect) contrast with lo, la, los, and las (direct). A verb can have up to two object pronouns. If there are two, one is usually an indirect object and the other a direct object. The pronouns le and les change to se when they occur before another object pronoun beginning with l. For regular conjugated verbs with object pronouns, these pronouns are placed immediately before the verb. For command forms (imperatives), they are attached to the end of the verb. In the case of gerunds (verb forms ending in ndo) and infinitives, you can attach the pronouns to the end of the verb or, if there is a conjugated helping verb before the gerund or infinitive, you can place them before that verb. Practice Questions A. Answering Questions: Direct Object Pronouns Answer the following questions using the direct object pronouns to simplify your answer. Use the models as a guide All rights reserved. This material is intended for the exclusive use of registered users only.

5 Page 5 of 6 Model: Quieres jugar la lotería? Sí, la quiero jugar. (Sí, quiero jugarla.) No, no la quiero jugar. (No, no quiero jugarla.) Usaste el gato para cambiar la llanta desinflada? Sí, lo usé. No, no lo usé. 1. Quiere Ud. establecer crédito en el almacen Macy s? (Sí) 2. Prefieren Uds. jugar monopolio? (No) 3. Quieres comprar un reloj nuevo en la joyería? (No) 4. Prefiere Ud. hacer las compras? (Sí) 5. Prefieres hacer la charada? (No) 6. Quieren Uds. hacer el crucigrama? (Sí) 7. Llamaste a los empleados? (Sí) 8. Recibieron Uds. el paquete ayer? (No) 9. Compró Ud. el carro nuevo? (No) 10. Acompañaste al chico al baile? (Sí) B. Fill in the Blank: Indirect Object Pronouns Fill in the blank with the correct indirect object pronoun according to the underlined clue given in each sentence. Refer to the model as a guide. Model: Mi hermana envió una carta a mi. Mi hermana me envió una carta. 1. Mis padres compraron una pulsera para mi hermana. 2. Ya sirvió la azafata el café a los pasajeros? 2002 All rights reserved. This material is intended for the exclusive use of registered users only.

6 Page 6 of 6 3. tiró Paco la pelota a Uds.? 4. A quién compraste el automóvil? 5. solicité empleo al gerente de la tienda. 6. Ellos dijeron mentiras a nosotros. 7. Yo escribí una carta romántica a Alexandra pero ella no quiso contestar a mí. 8. A nosotros fascinan los programas ameericanas en la television. 9. A Uds. quedan cinco pesos después de hacer las compras. 10. toca a mí? C. Answering Questions: Double Object Pronouns Answer the following questions using the indirect and direct object pronouns with the shortest most efficient response possible. Use the model as a guide. Model: Me tiras el balón? Sí, te lo tiro. No, no te lo tiro. 1. Te leyó el cuento tu mama? (sí) 2. Quién te compró las pulseras? (mi novio) 3. Ya les sirvió el camarero el postre a los clientes? (no) 4. Nos compraron nuestros padres estos juegos electrónicos? (sí) 5. Quién te lava la ropa? (mi mamá) 2002 All rights reserved. This material is intended for the exclusive use of registered users only.