Inclusive governance strategies for sustainable water and wastewater management in Lima/Peru

Transcripción

1 Lima-Water (LiWa) Inclusive governance strategies for sustainable water and wastewater management in Lima/Peru Dipl.-Ing. sc. Christian D. León ZIRIUS - Universität Stuttgart Project-office Lima Megacities-Conference, Hamburg,

2 Agenda Description Lima Region Actors analysis Megacity-Project Lima-Water (LiWa) Scenarios Lima 2040 LiWa Round Tables Action Plan

3

4 Lima > 8 Mio. inhabitants 1 Mio. not connected to the public water network second driest cities in the world (precipitation 9 mm/year) water supply: high dependence on rainfall in the Andean region sensitive to climate change and glacier melting water reserves: 282 Mill. m 3 (Santiago de Chile: 900 Mill. m 3, Sao Paulo: 2073 Mill. m 3 ) network water losses: 30 % uncontrolled urban planning weak institutional framework unclear responsibilities and lack of cooperation between main actors (regulators, operator, municipality,...)

5 Governance of the Lima Region Capital of Peru: most national institutions are located in Lima Lima Region: 2 governments: Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima, Gobierno Regional del Callao from 100 decisions, only 10 are taken by the Municipality of Lima plus: Gobierno de Lima Provincias, Gobierno de Junín (upper part of the Andean region, where water is generated) 49 Local governments (District Municipalities): Lima: 43, Callao: 7 Weak regional government, fragmentated (national-regional competences), financial/personnel resources some existing institutional arrangements for administrative co-operation (district associations) Metropolitan Municipality of Lima (MML) has competences as Region and Province Water company is not part of MML, but owned by National government

6 MAPA DE ACTORES EDEGEL ORGANIZACIONES INSTITUCIONES INDIVIDUOS SOCIEDAD CIVIL Universidades ONGs Empresa Privada Población.. LOCAL REGIONAL Instituto Metropolitano de Planificación (IMP) Servicio de Parques de Lima (SERPAR) Subgerencia de Defensa Civil.... REGION LIMA REGION CALLAO REGION JUNÍN NACIONAL Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros (PCM) REGION LiMA PROV. Ministerio de Agricultura (MINAG) Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (MEF) Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento Ministerio de Medioambiente (MINAM) Ministerio Salud (MINSA) Ministerio de Energía y Minas (MINEM) SUNASS SINAGERD ANA DGOT COFOPRI SEDAPAL SENAMHI DIGESA Source: Miranda 2012

7 Organisational setting of water sector in Lima-Callao Central Government Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Finances Ministry of Construction and Sanitation Ministry of Health Ministry of Environment capital, investments sector planning National Water Authority water resources legislation SEDAPAL water quality Sunass tariff regulation Municipalidad de Lima Gobierno Regional del Callao

8 Municipality Competences Water company Co-operation??

9 Variable 2 ZIRIUS Macromodelling Water-sensitve urban development Variable 1 Water system simulator Participatory governance approach Zeit Ecological infrastructure strategy Climate and water balance modelling Capacity Building Policy products Stakeholder Platform Scenarios Water price evaluation Scientific products Cross-impact balance analysis Preparing and supporting the decision-making process in Lima (and elsewhere) Management Sphere: Szenario Decision A, B, Con & Implementation of Actions Störereignis Analysis of water pricing framework Planning, Implementation and Monitoring Problem Framing Stakeholders Evaluation of Alternatives Scenarios Modelling of Impacts Assessment Sphere: Generation of Knowledge LiWa Project objectives and results: Development of integrated scenarios for Lima in 2040 Modelling of the water catchment considering climate change effects Simulation tool for the entire water cycle of the megacity Evaluation of water tariff structure Participatory governance approach involving stakeholders to discuss and design adaptation strategies Capacity building, providing knowledge and capabilities to manage future problems

10 Natural Sphere IPCC Global climate scenarios LiWa Project Approach Downscaling, HBV-Model Hydrological Scenarios LiWatool Round Tables, Group Delphi Integrated Scenarios Simulations Evaluation of measures Action Plan Lima 2040 Cross-Impact- Balance Analysis Scenarios for Governance, Society, Infrastructure Socio-economic Sphere Results of detailed analysis : Water tariffs, Wastewater recycling, Ecological Infrastructure, etc.

11 Etapas en la construcción de escenarios Marco de Suposiciones (Escenarios climáticos,...) Identificación de los factores influyentes, campos descriptivos y cursos de acción (Descriptores) Identificación del posible desarrollo de los descriptores (Subescenarios cualitativos) Evaluación de las interdependencias Construcción y configuración de escenarios consistentes Precisión de los campos descriptivos de los escenarios basados en modelos Discusión de las implicaciones y alternativas

12 Interdisziplinärer Forschungsschwerpunkt Risiko und Nachhaltige Technikentwicklung Lima Scenarios 2040 Scenario A: Climate stress meets governance desaster The water supply of Lima and Callao, in the year 2040, is under pressure due to the population growth, the city s horizontal and vertical enlargement, the difficult socioeconomic situation, the deficits in water infrastructure and especially because of weak governance structures. This pressure grew progressively due to climate change effects during the last years, independently of the direction of the last one, either with clearly diminishing or increasing rainfall in the upper watershed. Scenario B: The tragedy of isolated measures Scenario B is very similar to Scenario A. The urban population increased during the last decades, the city continued the same tendency growing horizontal and vertically and with the dynamic of occupying the valleys. Even though the governance structures are very insufficient as in Scenario A, this scenario may count on some actors taking initiative, acting with the objective of improving the water system of the city and ensuring the water supply of Lima and Callao. Although, the actors act isolated and their measures are limited to certain areas of the water system. Scenario C: The opportunities of mesoscale actors In Scenario C the isolated acting actors of the mesoscale (meaning the level situated between central government and local entities) are to be found together and working in a concerted way. Even though the population grew during the last decades and the city is maintaining its expansion tendency in a horizontal and vertical way; and also taking into account that Lima and Callao are suffering a serious climate stress and that general political and socio economic conditions are not more promising than in the Scenarios A and B, the concerted work of these actors could achieve better results for Lima and Callao s water sector than the simple sum of their isolated activities. Scenario D: Climate resilience by governance The water supply of Lima and Callao in 2040 is relatively independent from climate change effects, thanks to strong governance structures on all levels (local, regional and national), that fostered the coordination, concertation and long-term planning as key actions. Also because public policies which benefit inclusion, employment and are oriented towards poverty alleviation have been developed and promoted in the last decades. The city counts with a coordinated municipal development plan that incorporates adaptation strategies for the city favoring stable socioeconomic conditions and consolidated water infrastructure.

13 Proyecto LiWa: Cronograma e interacciones Productos LiWa (WP 2, 4, 7, 9) Tema Plataforma de Diálogo (WP5) Objetivo (aporte actores) Impactos (Planos, Estrategias,..) Escenarios narrativos Escenarios crudos Escenarios cuantifica LiWatool simulación Ilustraciones Agua y Cambio Climático en Lima y Callao Escenarios Lima y Callao 2040 (narraciones, simulaciones y visualizaciones) 1ra Mesa redonda Reunión técnica 2da Mesa redonda Reunión Metas y criterios para la gestión sostenible del agua. Analizar los posibles escenarios para Lima y Callao al Plan de Desarrollo Concertado de Lima (Visión 2021, 2035, 2050) Estrategia Metropolitana de Cambio Climático Plan verde de Lima Infraestructura ecológica Modelo de tarifas de agua otras propuestas Escenarios LiWatool simulación Acciones y medidas para enfrentar el cambio climático Evaluación de medidas por criterios 3ra Mesa redonda Reunión 4ta Mesa redonda Acciones y medidas para enfrentar los futuros problemas de Lima en el sector agua. Evaluar y priorizar las medidas y acciones (incluyendo costos, barreras, responsables, cronograma, etc.). Plan Maestro Sedapal Plan tratamiento y reuso de las aguas residuales Plan XXX / Estrategia YYY Propuesta para un Plan de Acción Gestión sostenible del agua en Lima y Callao

14 1 ra Mesa Redonda,

15 Results 1st Round Table LiWa (October 2011) 1. Internalisation of environmental costs into tariff system. However, there may be a value conflict with equity issue. The challenge is how to include environmental costs without losing social equity. 2. Improvement of efficiency in the area of resource utilization (losses during transport; water being wasted without being reused). The goal here is to increase resilience as a means to address infrastructure vulnerabilities and to establish a monitoring system for early detection of structural deficits and inefficient use of resources. 3. Development of an integrated perspective when assessing and managing river systems (IWRM). Need for a geographically and functionally integrated perspective and planning including ecologic, economic and social criteria. 4. Enhancement of reliability, implementability and predictability of planning. Vision of inclusive governance, i.e. clear leadership with specified accountability rules, combined with adequate and transparent due process and structured inclusion of stakeholders and the affected public. 5. Guidance for improving adaptation behavior. Scarcity of water is not adequately represented in public perception ("water is a free good"). Implementation of awareness programs and campaigns.

16

17

18

19

20

21

22 ZIRIUS Firma del Plan de Acción para el Agua en Lima y Callao

23

24 LiWa approach and results LiWa Participatory Approach & Action Plan Lima 2040 (agreed & signed by main stakeholders, 16/04/2013) Institutional co-operation dialogue platforms ongoing plans Lima Municipality, Callao Regional Government, SEDAPAL, SUNASS, Nacional Water Authority, NGOs,... Consejo inter-cuenca de recursos hídricos (watershed council; not implemented yet) Plan Municipal de Adaptación al Cambio Climático Plan Maestro de Servicios de Agua

25 Muchas gracias! Christian D. León Huaca El Paraiso, Chuquitanta-Lima/Perú