Ámbito de la comunicación Lengua inglesa. Anexo gramatical 12. Módulo 3. Educación a distancia semipresencial

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1 Dirección Xeral de Educación, Formación Profesional e Innovación Educativa Educación secundaria para personas adultas Ámbito de la comunicación Lengua inglesa Educación a distancia semipresencial Módulo 3 Anexo gramatical 12 Página 1 de 23

2 Índice 1. Introducción Descripción del anexo gramatical Secuencia de contenidos y actividades Comparativos Comparativos de superioridad Comparativos de igualdad Verbos irregulares Oraciones afirmativas Oraciones negativas Oraciones interrogativas Vocabulario básico de la unidad The weather (el tiempo) Adjectives (adjetivos) Comprensión escrita Autoevaluación Soluciones a las actividades...19 Página 2 de 23

3 1. Introducción 1.1 Descripción del anexo gramatical En este anexo gramatical vamos a abordar los siguientes contenidos: Comparativos de los adjetivos. Verbos irregulares. Formación del pasado simple. Vocabulario básico de la unidad. Página 3 de 23

4 2. Secuencia de contenidos y actividades 2.1 Comparativos Comparativos de superioridad Los comparativos de superioridad se usan para comparar dos cosas o personas de las que una es superior a la otra en alguna cualidad. Empleamos los adjetivos del siguiente modo: Clase de adjetivo Ejemplo Comparativo Adjetivo de una sílaba + er Short / corto, bajo Shorter / más corto, más bajo Adjetivo que acaba en una vocal + una consonante = doble consonante Big / grande Bigger / más grande Adjetivo que acaba en consonante + y = ier Busy / ocupado Busier / más ocupado Adjetivo de dos o más sílabas = se añade more. Relaxed / relajado More relaxed / más relajado Algunos adjetivos forman el comparativo de modo irregular Good / bueno Bad / malo Far / lejos Better / mejor Worse / peor Further / más lejos En las frases con comparativo de superioridad usamos than con el significado de que: The red car is faster than the black car. El coche rojo es más rápido que el coche negro. The dog is bigger than the cat. El perro es más grande que el gato. This exercise is easier than that. Este ejercicio es más fácil que ese. This camera is more expensive than the book. Esta cámara es más cara que el libro. Fish is better than meat. El pescado es mejor que la carne. Página 4 de 23

5 Actividades propuestas S1. Complete el cuadro con las formas correctas del comparativo de superioridad. Adjetivo Comparativo Adjetivo Comparativo Hot Big Easy Difficult Beautiful Near Funny Nice Bad Good S2. Escriba frases comparativas empleando las siguientes palabras. Por ejemplo: Manchester is / big / Liverpool Manchester is bigger than Liverpool. 1. My brother is / tall / me 2. She s / busy / this week / last week 3. Cardiff is / far from London / Oxford 4. You did the second test / bad / the first 5. Barcelona played / well / Manchester 6. My new job is / boring / my old one 7. Cats are / fast / dogs 8. Seville is / hot / London 9. Portugal is / small / Spain 10. My bedroom is / big / my sister s bedroom Página 5 de 23

6 S3. Observe la fotografía y compare las niñas usando los adjetivos siguientes: tall, short, old, dark, fast. Jenny Anna Sarah 1. Jenny is [ ] Sarah 2. Sarah s hair is [ ] Jenny s hair 3. Anna is [ ] Sarah 4. Jenny is [ ] Anna 5. Sarah runs [ ] Anna S4. Traduzca al castellano estas frases. 1. This house is smaller than my house. [ ] 2. Your daughter is older than my sister. [ ] 3. The laptop computer is more expensive than the mobile telephone. [ ] 4. This English dictionary is better than that other. [ ] 5. These paintings are more beautiful than the photographs. [ ] Página 6 de 23

7 2.1.2 Comparativos de igualdad Los comparativos de igualdad se emplean para comparar dos personas o cosas que tienen una cualidad en grado semejante. Para construir frases con comparativo de igualdad escribiremos: Ejemplos: My car is as fast as your car. Mi coche es tan rápido como el tuyo His house isn t as big as mine. Su casa no es tan grande como la mía (not) as + adjetivo + as (no) tan + adjetivo + como Actividades propuestas S5. Vuelva a escribir las frases de tal modo que signifiquen lo mismo. Fíjese en el ejemplo. Mike is stronger than Jim (Mike es más fuerte que Jim) Jim isn t as strong as Mike (Jim no es tan fuerte como Mike). 1. Cindy is shorter than Mary Cindy isn t [ ] 2. Your suitcase is heavier than mine My suitcase isn t [ ] 3. London is bigger than Madrid Madrid isn t [ ] 4. Football is more popular than boxing Boxing isn t [ ] 5. She works harder than her sister Her sister doesn t [ ] 6. Spain played better than France France didn t [ ] Página 7 de 23

8 S6. Escriba una frase que tenga el mismo significado que la original, siguiendo el ejemplo. Para eso utilice estos adjetivos: tall, heavy, expensive, big, long, far, hot, fast. Charlotte and Anne are both twenty 1. John and Edward are both 1m 80 tall. Charlotte is as old as Anne. 2. The suitcase and the bag both weigh 20 kilograms. 3. The diamond ring and the emerald ring both cost pounds. 4. The kitchen and the bathroom both measure 4m x 4m. 5. The bottom shelf and the top shelf are both 1m long. 6. The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn are both 2,000 kilometres from the Equator. 7. In Tokio and London today is 30º C. 8. My motorbike and my car both reach 200 kph. S7. Complete las frases usando las palabras siguientes y empleando la forma comparativa de superioridad: High - difficult - thin - early - big - quiet She was feeling very tired, so she went to bed [ ] than usual. I d like to have a [ ] car, mine is very small. You look [ ] How many kilos have you lost? These exercises are [ ] than the ones we did yesterday. I like living in the countryside. It is [ ] in the city. In some shops, prices are [ ] than in others. Página 8 de 23

9 2.2 Verbos irregulares Algunos verbos forman el pasado de manera irregular, es decir, no forman el pasado añadiendo ed, sino que tienen una forma diferente para el presente y para el pasado Oraciones afirmativas Presente Pasado Traducción be was / were ser / estar become became llegar a ser begin began comenzar break broke romper buy bought comprar can could poder come came venir do did hacer drink drank beber drive drove conducir eat ate comer find found encontrar get got conseguir give gave dar go went ir have had tener know knew saber make made hacer / fabricar put put poner read /red/ read /rid/ leer say said decir see saw ver speak spoke hablar swim swam nadar take took coger tell told decir / contar think thought pensar write wrote escribir Página 9 de 23

10 I drank orange juice this morning. Yo bebí zumo de naranja esta mañana. The children broke the window with the ball. Los niños rompieron la ventana con la pelota. They eat vegetables for lunch but yesterday they ate fish. Ellos toman (comen) verdura en la comida pero ayer comieron pescado. Actividades propuestas S8. Complete el cuadro con formas correspondientes de los siguientes verbos irregulares. Presente Pasado 1. be spoke 3. say tell swam 6. saw 7. go understood 9. paid 10. sleep read Oraciones negativas Sujeto + didn't + infinitivo I didn't go You didn't go He/she/it didn't go We didn't go You didn't go They didn't go Yo no iba / fui Tú no ibas / fuiste El no iba / fue Nosotros no íbamos / fuimos Vosotros no ibais / fuisteis Eles no iban / fueron Página 10 de 23

11 Los dos tipos de verbos (regulares e irregulares) forman la negativa del mismo modo: Sujeto + didn't + infinitivo. I didn t watch TV yesterday I didn't watched TV yesterday. I didn t feel good last weekend He didn't felt good last weekend. Actividades propuestas S9. Complete el cuadro con la forma en negativo del pasado de estos verbos irregulares. El infinitivo de estos verbos está en la lista que hay al comienzo de este apartado. Forma afirmativa Forma negativa I was I spoke I wasn t I didn t speak 1. I swam I drove I found I had I knew I paid I got I did I gave Oraciones interrogativas did + sujeto + infinitivo Did I go? Yo iba / fui? Yes, you did No, you didn t Sí. No. Did you go? Ibas / fuiste tú? Yes, I did No, I didn t Sí. No. Did he/she/it go? Iba / fue él? Yes, he did No, he didn t Sí. No. Did we go? Íbamos / fuimos nosotros? Yes, you did No, you didn t Sí. No. Did you go? Ibais / fuisteis vosotros? Yes, we did No, we didn t Sí. No. Página 11 de 23

12 Did they go? Iban / fueron ellos / ellas? Yes, they did No, they didn t Sí. No. Los dos tipos de verbos (regulares e irregulares) forman del mismo modo las preguntas: did + sujeto + infinitivo? Actividades propuestas S10. Ordene las palabras para formar preguntas. Fíjese en el ejemplo inicial. 1. go, where, holiday, you, on, did? Where did you go on holiday? Vancouver. 2. time, did, have, you, good, a? [ ]? Yes, it was fantastic. 3. with, did, who, go, you? [ ]? With my boyfriend. 4. stay, where, did, you [ ]? In a hotel. 5. you, it, why, didn t, like? [ ]? Because it was very expensive. 6. how, did, cost, plane, much, the, ticket? [ ]? 500 pounds. S11. Complete las frases con los verbos siguientes, empleando la forma adecuada del presente o del pasado. Drink - take - have - buy - write - be - go - tell - can - give - drive 1. Yesterday I didn t [ ] dinner, I [ ] hungry. 2. Did you [ ] the newspaper? No, I didn t [ ] to the kiosk. 3. My sister [ ] me a very nice story. 4. Yesterday I [ ] a lot of coffee and I [ ] sleep at night. 5. This morning they [ ] their children to school. 6. My parents [ ] me a present for my birthday. 7. When I was younger I [ ] the car very fast. 8. My grandmother [ ] this letter in S12. Complete el texto con la forma correcta de estos verbos en afirmativa o negativa: go (x3) - come - stay (x2) - do - watch - make - read - swim - be Last weekend my aunt and my uncle [ ] to London to visit us. They [ ] in a hotel, they [ ] at home. On Saturday morning me and my uncle [ ] for a walk to the city center, then we [ ] some shopping. My mother and my aunt [ ] to the market to buy some food, then they [ ] lunch. In the afternoon we ([ ] TV and Página 12 de 23

13 my mother [ ] a magazine. On Sunday we [ ] to the beach, but we [ ] because the water [ ] very cold. S13. Escriba el pasado simple de los siguientes verbos (regulares e irregulares). Drink Eat Watch Cook Speak Buy Be Have Swim Walk Write Read Go Stay Come Break. S14. Escriba las siguientes frases en castellano. 1. I didn t have dinner yesterday, I wasn t hungry. They went to see their family last week. They were late, so they drove all night to be on time. My mother gave me this present for my birthday. Where was your mobile? I found it under my bed. Página 13 de 23

14 2.3 Vocabulario básico de la unidad The weather (el tiempo) It s cold Storm Hace frío Tormenta It s hot It rains Hace calor Llueve It s warm It snows Hace bueno Nieva It s sunny It hails Hace sol Graniza It s windy It s wet Hace viento Hay humedad Actividad propuesta S15. Emplee el vocabulario relativo al tiempo para completar las siguientes frases en forma comparativa. Fíjese en el ejemplo. New York is colder than Rome (cold). 1. Madrid is [ ] London (warm) 2. Seville is [ ] Berlin (hot) 3. Autumn is [ ] than summer (windy) 4. In winter [ ] in summer (rain) 5. Berlin is [ ] Paris (cold) Página 14 de 23

15 2.3.2 Adjectives (adjetivos) tall alto short bajo / corto fat gordo thin delgado big grande small pequeño easy fácil difficult difícil beautiful bonito ugly feo fast rápido slow lento cheap barato expensive caro boring aburrido amusing divertido Actividad propuesta S16. Escriba en inglés las siguientes frases comparativas usando el vocabulario anterior. 1. Mi coche es más rápido que el tuyo. 2. Esta casa es más bonita que la otra. 3. Esta cámara es más cara que la mía. 4. Este ejercicio es más fácil que el que hice ayer. 5. Este perro es más grande que el otro. 6. Tu examen es más difícil que el mío? Página 15 de 23

16 3. Comprensión escrita In the past life was easier and more relaxing than the present. Today we do everything faster: we walk faster, drive faster, etc. It is true that people are obsessed with time and with using devices and gadgets to save time, which means that we are trying to do more things in less time. In the newspapers today the headlines are bigger and the articles are shorter to spend less time reading the news. It is also said that we spend an average time of three seconds looking at each picture in a museum and the slower sports such as baseball are not so popular as before. On the other hand, we spend more time in our cars than past times. Actividad propuesta S17. Diga si las siguientes frases son verdaderas o falsas (T verdadera / F falsa). 1. We live more relaxing now than in the past. 2. In the past people walked faster. 3. People are obsessed with saving time. 4. The average time we use to look at a picture in a museum is five seconds. 5. We spend more time in the car now than in the past. Página 16 de 23

17 4. Autoevaluación 1. My video camera isn t [ ] than yours. cheap more cheap cheaper 2. This exercise is [ ] the one we did yesterday. more difficult more difficult than difficulter 3. My cousin is [ ] tall as me. more as than 4. Baseball isn t as [ ] it was in the past. popular than popular as popular that 5. When I [ ] younger I [ ] going to the cinema. were / like was / like was / didn t like 6. My friends [ ] a sandwich for dinner yesterday. have has had 7. When I [ ] to the swimming pool, the weather [ ] bad. went / was came / weren t was / wasn t Página 17 de 23

18 8. The children [ ] a song in the bus. did sang didn t sing signed 9. They [ ] at home when you [ ] weren t / phoned were / did phone was / phoned 10. Berlin is normally [ ] than Madrid. colder warmer hotter Página 18 de 23

19 5. Soluciones a las actividades S1. S2. S3. S4. hotter bigger easier more difficult more beautiful nearer funnier nicer worse better 1. My brother is taller than me. 2. She s busier this week than last week. 3. Cardiff is further from London than Oxford. 4. You did the second test worse than the first. 5. Barcelona played better than Manchester. 6. My new job is more boring than my old one. 7. Cats are faster than dogs. 8. Seville is hotter than London. 9. Portugal is smaller than Spain. 10. My bedroom is bigger than my sister s bedroom. Jenny is taller than Sarah. Sarah s hair is darker than Jenny s hair. Anna is shorter than Sarah. Jenny is older than Anna. Sarah runs faster than Anna. Esta casa es más pequeña que la mía. Tu hija es mayor que mi hermana. Página 19 de 23

20 El ordenador portátil es más caro que el teléfono móvil. Este diccionario de inglés es mejor que ese otro. Estos cuadros son más hermosos que las fotos. S5. S6. S7. S8. 1. as tall as Mary. 2. as heavy as yours. 3. as big as London. 4. as popular as football. 5. work as hard as her. 6. play as well as Spain. 1. John is as tall as Edward. 2. The suitcase is as heavy as the bag. 3. The diamond ring is as expensive as the emerald ring. 4. The kitchen is as big as the bathroom. 5. The bottom shelf is as long as the top shelf. 6. The Tropic of Cancer is as far as Tropic of Capricorn from the Equator. 7. Tokyo is as hot as London today. 8. My motorbike is as fast as my car. 1. earlier. 2. bigger. 3. thinner. 4. more difficult. 5. quieter. 6. higher. was / were. speak. said. told. swim. see. Página 20 de 23

21 went. understand. pay. slept. read. S9. S10. S11. S12. I didn t swim. I didn t drive. I didn t find. I didn t have. I didn t know. I didn t pay. I didn t get. I didn t do. I didn t give. 2. Did you have a good time? 3. Who did you go with? 4. Where did you stay? 5. Why didn t you like it? 6. How much did the plane ticket cost? 1. have / wasn t. 2. read / go. 3. told. 4. drank / couldn t. 5. took. 6. gave. 7. drove. 8. wrote. 1. came 2. didn t stay Página 21 de 23

22 3. stayed 4. went 5. did 6. went 7. made 8. watched 9. read 10. went 11. didn t swim 12. was S13. S drank 2. watched 3. spoke 4. was / were 5. swam 6. wrote 7. went 8. came 9. ate 10. cooked 11. bought 12. had 13. walked 14. read 15. stayed 16. broke Ayer no cené, no tenía hambre. Ellos fueron a ver a su familia la semana pasada. Ellos llegaban tarde, así que condujeron toda la noche para estar a tiempo. Mi madre me dio este regalo por mi aniversario. Dónde estaba tu móvil? Lo encontré debajo de mi cama. Página 22 de 23

23 S15. S16. S warmer than. 2. hotter than. 3. windier. 4. rains more than. 5. colder than. 1. My car is faster than yours. 2. This house is more beautiful than the other. 3. This camera is more expensive than mine. 4. This exercise is easier than the one I did yesterday. 5. This dog is bigger than the other. 6. Is your exam more difficult than mine? F F T F T Página 23 de 23