Teaching Plan. Esqueletos por dentro y

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1 Teaching Plan EDL Level 40 Guided Reading Level R Lexile Measure 770L Esqueletos por dentro y por fuera looks at many fascinating types of skeletons. The book describes and explains the difference between endoskeletons and exoskeletons. Readers also learn why a skeleton is important and how it helps the body to move. Nonfiction Genre Informational Text Nonfiction Features Captions Diagrams Glossary Headings Index Introduction Labels Sidebars Text Structure Explanation Enumerative Compare and Contrast esqueleto músculos órganos oponibles reptiles tejido arácnidos ninfa Comprehension Compare and Contrast Writing Write an informational text. Content Area Connections: Life Science Recognize the difference between endoskeletons and exoskeletons. Determine how bones and muscles work to help animals move. Curriculum Support You may want to use Esqueletos por dentro y por fuera when teaching the following science topics: Animal characteristics and behavior Classifying animals

2 1 Introduce the Book Introduce the Nonfiction Genre: Informational Text Display the book cover, and read the title and the author s name. Explain to students that an informational text can explain how something works. Point out that an informational text can be divided into chapters that give information about different topics. These topics are often arranged so that they can be compared and contrasted. Tell students that photographs, diagrams, and captions are also used to add or reinforce information. Activate or Build Background Begin a conversation about bones by showing students a picture or a life-sized model of a human skeleton. Have students press on the top of their head to feel their skull. Invite students to touch their elbow and to reach around to the middle of their back and touch their spine. Ask students what they think each of these bones does. Discuss the following questions: Los animales tienen esqueleto? Los insectos tienen esqueleto? Las plantas tienen esqueleto? Hay diferentes tipos de esqueleto? Nonfiction Text Features Diagram: Point out the diagram on page 6. Explain that diagrams show how something works or what something is made of. This diagram shows an inside view of a human skeleton with labels that identify its structures. Introduction: Point out the introduction on pages 4 5. Explain that an introduction prepares readers for what they will read about in the rest of the book. Sidebar: Draw attention to the sidebar on page 9. Explain that a sidebar gives additional information related to the main text. Sidebars are set apart from the main text and may include headings and photographs or diagrams. Glossary: Direct students to the glossary on page 31. Explain that the glossary contains definitions of words. Glossary entries are in alphabetical order and appear in boldface in the text. Introduce You may want to introduce the following words and concepts before reading: esqueleto: estructura dura que sostiene el cuerpo de un animal por dentro o por fuera músculos: tejidos animales que puede contraerse o relajarse para mover partes del cuerpo órganos: partes de un ser vivo que desempeñan funciones en particular y que son necesarias para sobrevivir oponibles: que se pueden usar simultáneamente con una parte contraria, como un dedo pulgar y otro dedo reptiles: animales de sangre fría con columna vertebral y pulmones, por lo general cubiertos con placas córneas o escamas tejido: en seres vivos, masa de células similares que trabajan en conjunto para desempeñar funciones en particular arácnidos: animales que tienen un cuerpo dividido en dos partes y ocho patas ninfa: insecto joven en estado de desarrollo entre huevo y adulto Preview and Predict Let students examine the title page and skim the book to preview the photographs, diagrams, and other images. Ask them to read the contents page. Have students turn to pages 12 and 13 and discuss the photographs. Por qué crees que se muestra de esta manera a los animales y sus esqueletos? Qué tipo de información piensas que aprenderás acerca de esqueletos?

3 2 Read the Book SET THE PURPOSE pages 4 10 As students read the first section, have them think about why the author begins the book this way and how it will help them understand the rest of the book. esqueleto, músculos, órganos, oponibles pages As students read, encourage them to discover how human skeletons and the skeletons of other mammals and birds are alike and different. En qué se parecen los endoesqueletos y los exoesqueletos? En qué se diferencian? Compare and Contrast Qué sucede cuando un animal crece y sobrepasa el tamaño de su exoesqueleto? Identify Cause and Effect Qué tipos de huesos forman el esqueleto humano? Cuáles son sus funciones? Classify/Categorize Observa el pie de foto en la parte superior de la página 7. Qué te dice el pie de foto acerca de la fotografía? Sabrías qué es esto sin un pie de foto? Cómo te ayuda el diagrama en la parte inferior de la página 7 a aprender acerca de cráneos? Cómo sabes que este es un diagrama de corte longitudinal? Point out the heading and subheadings on pages Por qué piensas que la autora usó subtítulos en esta sección? Qué puede hacer un gato gracias a su columna vertebral flexible? Identify Cause and Effect Have students use the photographs and text on page 13 to draw a giraffe s neck vertebrae. Visualize En qué se parecen los murciélagos y las aves? En qué se diferencian? Compare and Contrast De qué manera se relaciona la fotografía del esqueleto de elefante de la página 13 con la información que has aprendido? Cómo te ayudan los rótulos a comparar y contrastar los dos equeletos de animales de las páginas 15 y 16? Qué otras partes sería útil rotular? Por qué? pages Point out that the next section is about reptile and amphibian skeletons. Ask students to generate two or three questions the text might answer. Note the questions on the board so students can keep them in mind as they read. reptiles Crees que comparar los antiguos huesos fósiles con los huesos de animales que viven hoy en día es una buena manera de aprender acerca de animales extintos? Por qué? Make Judgments Qué permite a una serpiente moverse? Identify Main Idea/Details En qué se parecen los reptiles y anfibios, como los sapos y las ranas? En qué se diferencian? Compare and Contrast Point out the boldface words on page 17. Por qué crees que la autora incluyó estas palabras en el glosario? Por qué la autora incluyó información acerca de tortugas terrestres y acuáticas en la columna lateral de la página 18?

4 pages As students read about the skeletons of sea creatures in this section, ask them to think about how these skeletons might be different from the skeletons they have already learned about. tejido Por qué es importante el endoesqueleto de un pez? Identify Main Idea/Details Probablemente qué sucedería si una persona pisara un erizo de mar? Predict Ask students to think about other sea creatures they have seen or read about. Qué tipo de esqueleto crees que tiene cada uno de esos animales marinos? Cómo lo sabes? Make Connections Mira los títulos de las páginas 20 y 22. De qué manera te ayudan estos tres títulos a comprender cómo está organizado el texto? Por qué la autora incluyó información acerca de rayas en el texto destacado de la página 21? Cómo se relaciona la información con el texto principal? pages As they read, encourage students to look for reasons why animals like spiders and insects have exoskeletons. arácnidos, ninfa Por qué es importante para el escorpión tener una cola dividida en secciones? Identify Main Idea/Details Qué pasos sigue un escarabajo para poder volar? Sequence of Events En qué se parece y en qué se diferencia una ninfa de un odonato adulto? Compare and Contrast Have students examine the caption on page 26. Cómo ayuda este pie de foto al lector a aprender más acerca de tarántulas? Cómo te ayuda la secuencia de ilustraciones de las páginas a comprender el crecimiento de un odonato? Observa el índice de la página 32. Por qué piensas que hay más páginas de referencia para endoesqueleto y exoesqueleto que para medusa o sapo? ESL/ELL Strategy Using the diagram on page 6, have students name different body parts in English as they point to the parts, such as skeleton, skull, hip, and so on. Write the names on the board. Begin a discussion with students about what the skeleton does, encouraging students to use the English names. Reread the Book After students reread the text, have them use the graphic organizer on the back cover to summarize what they have learned about different types of animal skeletons. Discuss the organization of the book. Por qué la autora habló acerca de esqueletos y músculos en general antes de hablar sobre tipos específicos de esqueletos? Ask students how they think life would be different if humans and animals did not have skeletons. Encourage them to discuss why skeletons are important to have. Answers to Student Book Questions 1. Un diccionario tiene una lista de muchas palabras y sus definiciones. Este libro da más información que un diccionario y presenta párrafos para organizar la información. 2. Para explicar acerca de diferentes esqueletos de animales. 3. Me ayudan al mostrarme lo que el texto describe. 4. Porque los esqueletos ayudan a diferentes tipos de animales a moverse y sobrevivir en su medio ambiente de características particulares. 5. Las respuestas variarán.

5 3 Learn Through the Text SCIENCE: Bones at Work Use Esqueletos por dentro y por fuera to reinforce your teaching about how animals skeletons affect their movement and survival. Have students reread the chapters about mammal, bird, arachnid, and insect skeletons. Create a three-column chart on the board. Label the columns Animal, Endoesqueleto o Exoesqueleto, and Cómo el esqueleto afecta el movimiento y la supervivencia. Ask questions such as the following: Qué tipo de esqueleto tiene un mamífero? Cómo el esqueleto de un mamífero afecta su movimiento y supervivencia? Record students responses on the chart. Repeat the questions for each type of animal. Review the chart with students. Discuss how the animals are alike and how they are different. Encourage students to compare different types of mammals, such as chimpanzees and whales, in order to understand how their skeletons help them in their individual environments. COMPREHENSION: Compare and Contrast Explain to students that comparing is finding similarities and contrasting is finding differences. Create a Venn diagram on the board. Label one circle Endoesqueleto and the other Exoesqueleto. Where the circles overlap, add the label Ambos. Have students reread page 5. Qué es un endoesqueleto? Qué tipos de animal tienen endoesqueletos? Record their responses in the area labeled Endoesqueleto. Qué es un exoesqueleto? Qué tipos de animal tienen exoesqueletos? Record students responses in the area labeled Exoesqueleto. Qué tienen en común los dos tipos de esqueletos? Record students ideas in the part labeled Ambos. Then have students work independently to complete a Venn diagram for bats and birds, using the information on pages WRITING Write an Informational Text Have students use what they have learned about informational text to write a report about muscles. Have students research to find information about topics such as types of muscles and what different kinds of muscles can do. Remind students that authors of informational text often present information explaining why or how something is the way it is. Authors frequently use cause and effect and description in their writing as well as comparing and contrasting information. Encourage students to compare and contrast different kinds of muscles and use a cause-and-effect structure to describe the things that muscles can do. After students have written a first draft, encourage them to revise their writing, looking for ways to make the introduction more interesting and the descriptions more vivid. Have students prepare a final draft that has margins and indented paragraphs. Bind the reports to make a classroom reference book on muscles. Have students include a title page, a contents page, and an index.

6 Esqueletos por dentro y por fuera Organizador gráfico Nombre Completa el cuadro de abajo con datos importantes que aprendiste acerca de diferentes esqueletos. Seres humanos Mamíferos Aves Reptiles Esqueletos Anfibios Animales marinos Arácnidos Insectos Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Celebration Press, an imprint of Pearson Learning Group, 299 Jefferson Road, Parsippany, NJ All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher, except for the Reproducible Graphic Organizer, which may be reproduced for classroom use only. For information regarding permission(s), write to Rights and Permissions Department. Lexile is a U.S. registered trademark of MetaMetrics, Inc. All rights reserved