An Empirical Analysis of Competitiveness on Cities of Sinaloa, Mexico with an Outranking Method

Transcripción

1 Eureka Fourth International Workshop Proceedings An Empirical Analysis of Competitiveness on Cities of Sinaloa, Mexico with an Outranking Method Pavel A. Alvarez Carrillo 1, Martín León Santiesteban 1, Diego A. Gastelum Chavira 1, Luis A. Vega Osuna 1 1, Culiacan, Mexico pavel.alvarez@udo.mx, martin.leon@udo.mx, luisalfredo86@yahoo.com.mx, diego.gastelum@udo.mx Abstract This work aims to develop an Empirical Analysis of Destination Competitiveness of three main cities of Sinaloa, Mexico with a well-known Crouch-Ritchie model. This problem is approached as a multicriteria ranking problem with an outranking method and a multicriteria group decision support system to generate a ranking of main cities on Sinaloa. The Crouch-Ritchie model is used to generate information to evaluate Destination Competitiveness and the outranking method generates a preferential model and obtains destination competitiveness based ranking of cities. Keywords: Destination Competitiveness, Tourism Destination, Outranking Method, Multiobjective Optimization. 1. Introduction In nowadays world economy, and specifically tourism, major changes occur, which require competitiveness analysis tools for private and public sectors. In this matter, our objective is to analyze the competitiveness of three tourist destinations with a well-known model for destination competitiveness, using an outranking method to generate a ranking of alternatives in decreasing preference order. The outranking method for this empirical analysis is the ELECTRE III and is used as a tool to construct the preferential model with the information obtained by the Crouch-Ritchie model for destination competitiveness. The outranking method is not an alternative model for destination competitiveness evaluation, instead; it is a tool to extend the Crouch-Ritchie model with an objective evaluation of the destinations being compared. Few studies have attempted to identify strategies for improving Tourism Destination Competitiveness, preventing decision makers from obtaining valuable cues for making accurate decisions to improve Competitiveness (Peng and Tzeng, 2012). In this work, we use the Crouch-Ritchie model as a framework to analyse the destination competitiveness of three main cities in Sinaloa. The destination competitiveness is compared among the cities using the model to obtain 5 main criteria. The procedure of this analysis indicates how to use the attributes to make a comparison among tourism destinations Sinaloa in the Touristic Context When we speak about tourism in Sinaloa, undoubtedly we need to talk about the port of Mazatlan, which is considered as the productive core of the southern part of the state, since it has defined the tourism as one of its economic vocations; activity which the city has emphasized its specialization since the decreasing productivity of fishing and commercial traffic led to the port in recent years. However, we should not leave behind cities like Culiacan and Los Mochis, which are considered commercial and business destinations. In this sense, Sinaloa has a wide range of attractions, which allow it to be considered as a State with an important touristic potential. Some examples are the colonial buildings, the dams, pristine beaches, lagoons for hunting development and traditional cultural expressions. Therefore, Tourism is considered as the second pillar of the Sinaloa economy after agricultural activities, this because in 2011 it accounted for 12 percent of Gross State Product and is the second source of foreign exchange, with a large multiplier effect investment, income and employment (PED, 2011: 227). In this sense, the touristic inflow of Sinaloa in 2011 was 2 million 739 thousand tourists, 2.1 percent less than in 2010, of which 311 were 2 million domestic visitors and 428,000 foreigners. (INEGI, 2012). The hotel infrastructure of Sinaloa, in 2011, was made up of 19,742 rooms in 431 shops, 74.7 percent distributed in Hotels and 10 percent in Motels. The rest consists of guesthouses, cottages, suites, lodges, RV parks, among others. This fact allows the State to occupy the eighteenth place nationally, according to INEGI (2012). In addition, by category, 7.7 percent are five star hotels, 13.2 percent four stars, 18.8 percent three stars, 9.5 percent two stars and 10.2 percent one star hotels, the remaining 40.6 percent are not yet classified. There are some projects aimed to pro-mote Sinaloa, which will come to deto-nate the tourism industry and it is as-sumed that with them it could be said that the state will compete with the best desti-nations in Mexico and / or possibly with some countries. These projects are the Espiritu Beach in Escuinapa, the OceArp Las Labradas Park in San Ignacio, the Eco Park Las Marismas, the Sus The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 156

2 Eureka Fourth International Workshop Proceedings The knowledge transfer in educative institutions: a local study Flor de la Cruz Salaiza Lizárraga1, Lina Marcela Díaz Santamaría2, Luis Alfredo Vega Osuna3, Pavel Anselmo Álvarez Carrillo3, Rogelio Quijano3 1 Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán, Culiacán, México Universidad TecVirtual del Sistema Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México 3, Culiacán, México fsalaiza@itculiacan.edu.mx, linamarcela584@hotmail.com, luisalfredo86@yahoo.com.mx, paac80@hotmail.com, rogeriofuelrm@hotmail.com 2 It is evident the need to project and extend knowledge management at educational institutions, incorporating the theme in strategic planning to enhance the knowledge of the staff at all levels and make it serve to the institution. This could happen if design and planning processes that value the human potential aimed to improve significantly and steadily, the quality of educational processes and products are used. The present investigation has the purpose of evaluating the status of the knowledge transfer in an educational institution, also by analyzing the position of managers on knowledge management practices used. In an initial part of the text, we seek to define more recent theoretical trends in knowledge management and propose a conceptual framework idea, which will guide the research process. The methodology of data processing was carried out using a mixed transactional approach using SPSS as a tool for data processing; in addition it presents the results by size as well as the perception of managers on the management in general. In short, the interest in the study of management and knowledge transfer has emerged in recent years due to the implementation of quality management systems, and the business need for continuous improvement of personnel, talent retention and storage information: a trend that ensures the achievement of corporative objectives. Abstract The present research analyzes the management of the knowledge with regard to its transfer in an educational institution located in Medellin, Colombia. A mixed research approach was used by conducting survey to 25 teachers, in order to measure the knowledge transfer made after taking a training course and conducting depth interviews with three managers. The dimensions of the knowledge transfer questionnaire with the highest grades, were those concerning to the design of the transfer process, and the opportunities to apply the knowledge, rated with a 4.1. In the other hand, the dimension averaged with the lowest grade, was the ability to transfer, with a score of 2.7. The findings obtained, have implications regarding the management of knowledge to achieve the intangible resource they have and to begin the construction of collective knowledge within educational institutions, going from the information transmission to the transfer, as well as to the knowledge construction. Keywords: knowledge management, knowledge transfer, educational institutions 1. Introduction 2. Origin and Definition of the Knowledge Currently, knowledge has positioned itself as an intangible resource of the organizations, thanks to the economic dynamics, new technologies and globalization. The age of knowledge brings knowledge management delimitated by the organizational dynamics, the knowledge transfer and experience of the organization s members. Knowledge management focuses primarily on organizations that see the need to accelerate information flows and produce added value for the organization and its clients [1]. The management consists in optimizing the creation of the conditions necessary for knowledge flows circulate better. Arises as a management practice of tangible assets (physical and financial) and intangible assets (knowledge as a competitive advantage). What is executed is the creation and transfer of the practice of this knowledge [2] The authors - Published by Atlantis Press The economic dynamics, new technologies and globalization have taken knowledge to a place, it did not have before. Concepts such as Information Society, Knowledge Society, and Knowledge Economy are mentioned in many different occasions in academic environments; the first two concepts were born in a theoretical debate in the late 1990 s, in the Geneva world summit in 2003 and in Tunisia in 2005, here they were used to explain the changes society is experimenting due to the incorporation of the information technologies. The knowledge economy acquired a protagonist role in the social, cultural, politics and business systems in all countries during a process where people become aware of its importance. Nowadays knowledge is considered as an in- 350

3 Eureka Fourth International Workshop Proceedings SADGAGE: A MCGDSS to Solve the Multicriteria Ranking Problem in a Distributed and Asynchronous Environment Juan Carlos Leyva López 1, Pável Anselmo Álvarez Carrillo 1 1, Culiacan, Mexico juan.leyva@udo.mx, pavel.alvarez@udo.mx Abstract This paper presents a Web-based Multicriteria Group Decision Support System for solving multicriteria ranking problems: how to rank a set of alternatives - having evaluations in terms of several criteria - in decreasing order of preference by a collaborative group of decision makers in sequential or parallel coordination mode and in a distributed and asynchronous environment. The functional architecture incorporate the following features: The ELECTRE III model to aggregate multiple criteria preferences, a ELECTRE based method to aggregate the multiple criteria group preferences, an evolutionary algorithm to exploit a valued outranking relation, the Brainstorming technique to stimulate and to generate ideas, use of a facilitator tool for optimization the meetings coordination of the group members, use of an organize tool, use of a voting tool, use of a Graphic interface, a Group Norm subsystem, a Discussion subsystem and a Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis subsystem. Keywords: Group Decision Support Systems, Multiple Criteria Decision Aid, Ranking Problem, Coordination Modes, ELECTRE Methods 1. Introduction The strongest obstacle to resolving a group decision problem is that each individual has his/her own perception about problem. Consequently, he/she has his/her own belief about what should be the result or the correct decision to make. Therefore, in such an environment, it is logical and common to find conflicts between the opinion and desires of the group members. These conflicts arise due to the several factors present such as different values and objectives, different criteria and preference relations, lack of communication support between group members, etc. (Roy, 1996) encapsulates the diverse factors in conflict under the term distinct value systems. Although these individual objectives are often strongly conflicting, a consensual decision must be reached. In this paper, a Web-based Multicriteria Group Decision Support System (MCGDSS) called SADGAGE (Sistema de Apoyo a la Decisión en Grupo con Algoritmos Genéticos y Electre III on the World Wide Web) for solving ranking problems based on the ELECTRE MOEA approach is presented. The SADGAGE system is built around a multicriteria outranking methodology for the ranking problem, which uses the ELECTRE III method (Roy, 1990), the ELECTRE based method to model group preferences (Leyva and Fernandez, 2003) and a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (Leyva and Aguilera, 2005). The MCGDSS SADGAGE was designed to take place in distributed environments and to be conducted by a facilitator, where the group members can work in a dynamic environment (variation of time and space) in parallel or sequential coordination mode. SADGAGE is a Web-based GDSS for Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Being located on the WWW, it can be accessed from everywhere in the world. SADGAGE provides a common platform for collaborative group of decision makers that work in sequential or parallel coordination mode and in an asynchronous environment. The outranking model can be processed at the same or at different times and the results can be easily shared. The system SADGAGE is hosted in The structure of this paper is the following. In Section 2 we present the group multicriteria decision support system process. Related works are presented in Section 3. Section 4 presents the group MCDA processes with sequential and parallel coordination modes. Section 5 presents the systematization of the multicriteria group decision aiding process in a software tool as a MCGDSS prototype, and finally, Section 6 contains brief conclusions. 2. Group MCDA Process Group MCDA processes usually require a facilitator to formulate initially the problem; moreover, successful group decision making requires appropriate coordination processes for incorporating diverse individual views into an aggregated final decision. Suitable decision support tools may facilitate the processes and help the group improve the decision quality (Malone and Crowston, 1990) The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 247

4 September 24-28, 2012 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ACCENTUATING THE RANK POSITIONS IN AN AGREEMENT INDEX WITH REFERENCE TO A CONSENSUS ORDER Juan Carlos Leyva López juan.leyva@udo.mx Pavel Anselmo Álvarez Carrillo pavel.alvarez@udo.mx ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose an index that measures the agreement level between an individual opinion and a collective opinion when both are expressed by rankings of a set of alternatives. This index constitutes an interesting weighted version of the well-known Kendall s ranks correlation index. The originality of the proposed index arises from the fact that it accounts for the position weights of the alternatives in an individual order to quantify the agreement level of the individual order with respect to a collective temporary order. The proposed index is then used to compute, within an interactive and iterative procedure for reaching a consensus order, the agreement level of all of the group s members with respect to a collective order. KEYWORDS. Group multicriteria decision aid, Consensus ranking, Kendall s distance ADM - Multicriteria Decision Support 4450

5 September 24-28, 2012 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil SISTEMA DE APOYO A LA DECISIÓN MULTICRITERIO EN GRUPO: INFLUENCIA DE LA COORDINACIÓN PARALELA Y SECUENCIAL EN LA ACTUACIÓN DE UN GRUPO COLABORATIVO Pavel Anselmo Álvarez Carrillo pavel.alvarez@udo.mx, Juan Carlos Leyva López juan.leyva@udo.mx RESUMEN En un proceso de análisis de decisión multicriterio de grupo se requiere una adecuada coordinación de las actividades tanto en grupos fuertemente acoplados como en grupos débilmente acoplados. Este documento se centra en analizar la influencia que presentan los modos de coordinación secuencial y paralelo en la actuación de un grupo colaborativo en el proceso y en los resultados de la decisión. Aquí presentamos una investigación en curso, específicamente en la etapa de experimentación. El experimento se realiza sobre un estudio de caso que simula una situación real de toma de decisión en grupo; la elección de la ubicación de un local comercial para establecer una franquicia Mexicana de tipo coffee shop. Para este proyecto se desarrolló previamente un sistema de apoyo a la decisión multicriterio en grupo (SADMG) basado en web. El SADMG es un instrumento importante en el diseño experimental que aquí presentamos. PALABRAS CLAVE. Sistemas de apoyo a la decisión multicriterio en grupo, Modos de coordinación, Métodos ELECTRE Apoyo a la Decisión Multicriterio, IO en Telecomunicaciones y Sistemas de Información ABSTRACT In a group multi-criteria decision aiding process an adequate coordination is required for the activities of the loosely coupled and tightly coupled collaborative groups. This paper aims to study the influence of the parallel and sequential coordination mode on the decision making process and on the achieved results. This paper discusses an ongoing research project on the experimental study. The experiment is a case study regarding a group decision making real situation, the location of a commercial store to setting up a Mexican coffee shop franchise. For this project a multi-criteria group decision support system (MCGDSS) web based was previously developed. The MCGDSS include the coordination modes with two preference aggregation schemes to solve multi-criteria ranking problems. KEYWORDS. Multi-criteria group decision support system, Coordination modes, ELECTRE methods. Multicriteria Decision Support, OR in Telecommunications and Information Systems 4758

6 La Administración y la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial COORDINACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE DECISIÓN INDIVIDUAL Y GRUPAL MEDIANTE UN SISTEMA DE APOYO A LA DECISIÓN MULTICRITERIO EN GRUPO Pavel Anselmo Álvarez Carrillo, Juan Carlos Leyva López Carretera a Culiacancito, Km Tel Ext palvarez@culiacan.udo.mx, jleyva@culiacan.udo.mx Resumen El presente estudio trata la resolución de problemas multicriterio mediante un sistema de apoyo a la decisión en grupo basado en web. La particularidad de este sistema es que permite realizar un proceso de toma de decisión para un grupo colaborativo mediante diferentes esquemas de agregación de preferencias del decisor. Es decir, el grupo de decisores puede realizar un proceso de decisión de forma consensuada o de forma individualizada. El sistema permite a los miembros realizar una decisión de grupo sin importar el esquema en el que se agreguen las preferencias, grupal o individual. Estos esquemas de trabajo corresponden a dos modos de coordinación llamados secuencial y paralelo respectivamente. El sistema está diseñado para lograr un modelo racional de discusión, que permita mejorar el desempeño de los participantes; la calidad del proceso de toma de decisión; la definición de un plan de la reunión, representado por una norma de grupo automatizada que fije y controle diversos aspectos del proceso de resolución del problema. Esto se logra mediante un subsistema de normas, un subsistema de discusión que integra técnicas electrónicas de facilitación y un subsistema de decisión que modela las preferencias consensadas e individualizadas mediante los métodos ELECTRE-III y ELECTRE-GD respectivamente. Palabras clave: Modos de coordinación, toma de decisiones multicriterio, sistemas de apoyo a la decisión en grupo. 1. Introducción La toma de decisión es un proceso muy frecuente en las organizaciones que incluye por lo general un grupo de personas con cierto nivel jerárquico para llevar a cabo esta actividad. La toma de decisión en grupo se debe realizar en diversos tipos de organizaciones. A nivel Internacional, las organizaciones trasnacionales son influenciadas por la dinámica demandante del mercado donde la reacción inmediata y correcta debe tener prioridad en la organización. Por su parte organizaciones regionales o locales deben de posicionarse en la misma dinámica y por lo tanto actuar ante la contingencia. En este sentido el proceso de toma de decisiones debe llevarse a cabo en los diferentes tipos de organizaciones de forma bien coordinada. Por ello, en el presente trabajo incorporamos dos modos de coordinar el proceso de toma de decisiones en grupo que corresponden a dos formas de agregación de las preferencias de los miembros del grupo. En un modo de coordinación, los miembros del grupo pueden optar por trabajar de forma consensuada en cada paso del proceso. En otro modo de coordinación, los miembros pueden trabajar de forma 324

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