Avancemos 2 Unidad 2: Lección 2 Tema: Qué vamos a hacer? País: Argentina In this lesson you will learn to discuss your daily routine clarify the sequence of events say what you and others are doing right now or intend to do using pensar + infinitive reflexive verbs present progressive Recuerdas? parts of the body telling time places in school and around town Vocabulario Talk About Your Daily Routine 1. acostarse [ue] to go to bed 2. afeitarse to shave oneself 3. apagar la luz to turn off the light 4. arreglarse to get ready 5. bañarse to take a bath 6. cepillarse to brush one's self 7. cepillarse los dientes to brush one's teeth 8. cortarse el pelo to cut one s hair 9. despertarse [ie] to wake up 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 1
10. dormirse [ue] to fall asleep 11. ducharse to take a shower 12. encender [ie] la luz to turn on the light 13. entrenarse to train 14. lavarse to wash oneself 15. levantarse to get up 16. maquillarse to put on makeup 17. peinarse to comb one's hair 18. ponerse la ropa (yo me pongo) to put on clothes 19. rizarse el pelo to curl one s hair 20. la rutina routine 21. secarse to dry oneself 22. tener prisa to be in a hurry 23. tener sueño to be sleepy Parts of the body 24. la cara face 25. el codo elbow 26. el cuello neck 27. el dedo finger 28. el dedo del pie toe 29. el diente tooth 30. la garganta throat 31. el hombro shoulder 32. la muñeca wrist 33. el pelo hair 34. el oído inner ear (hearing) 35. la uña nail 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 2
Personal Care Items 36. el cepillo brush 37. el cepillo de dientes brush toothbrush 38. el champú shampoo 39. la crema de afeitar shaving cream 40. el desodorante deodorant 41. el jabón soap 42. la pasta de dientes toothpaste 43. el peine comb 44. el secador de pelo hair dryer 45. la toalla towel To clarify sequence of events 46. primero first 47. entonces then, so 48. luego later, then 49. más tarde later on 50. por fin finally 51. antes de + inf before 52. después de + inf after 53. acabar de + inf to have just done something To tell how often you do things 54. a veces sometimes 55. una vez once 56. a menudo often 57. frecuentemente frequently 58. generalmente in general, generally 59. normalmente usually, normally To talk about when you do things 60. por la mañana in the morning 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 3
61. por la tarde in the afternoon 62. por la noche in the evening; at night 63. a las siete de la mañana at 7 in the morning 64. a las tres y media de la tarde at 3:30 in the afternoon 65. a las diez y cuarto de la noche at 10:15 at night 66. temprano early 67. tarde late REFLEXIVE VERBS To say that people do something to or for themselves, you use reflexive verbs. For example, washing one s hands and brushing one s hair are reflexive actions because the person doing the action also receives the action. The person doing the action and the person it s done to are the same. Me lavo la cara. = I wash my face. (Reflexive) Lavo la cara del bebe. = I wash the baby s face. (Non-reflexive) You know that a verb is reflexive if its infinitive forms ends with the letters se. Ducharse The reflexive pronouns in Spanish are me, te, se, nos and os. Each pronoun corresponds to a different subject. Here are the present-tense forms of the reflexive verb acostarse: me acuesto te acuestas se acuesta acostarse [ue] to go to bed nos acostamos os acostáis se acuestan 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 4
me lavo te lavas se lava lavarse to wash nos lavamos os laváis se lavan You must put me te se or nos before the conjugated verb to show that an action is reflexive. Me ducho. = I take a shower. Nos afeitamos. = We shave. Se ponen las chaquetas. = They put on their jackets. If you have two verbs you may attach the me te se or nos to the end of the infinitive. Vas a bañarte? = Are you going to take a bath? Tengo que vestirme. = I have to get dressed. Acabamos de levantarnos. = We just got up. I strongly recommend you always place it before the conjugated verb and recognize the attachment in readings. Now remember that some verbs are both reflexive and non-reflexive forms and usages. A verb is used in its non-reflexive form if the action is being done to someone or something else. Lavo el coche a menudo. Me lavo el pelo todos los días. I wash the car often. I wash my hair everyday. 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 5
When you use a reflexive with parts of the body or clothing, use the definite article. DO NOT USE POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES WITH BODY PARTS AND REFLEXIVE VERBS. This sounds extremely redundant and awkward in Spanish. Siempre te pintas las uñas? Felipe se pone los zapatos. Do you always polish your nails? Felipe puts on his shoes. The following is a list of common reflexive verbs. Acostarse (ue) Afeitarse Arreglarse Bañarse Cepillarse (el pelo) Despertarse (ie) Divertirse (ie, i) Dormirse (ue, u) Irse Lavarse (los dientes) Levantarse Peinarse Ponerse Quitarse Sentarse Vestirse to go to bed to shave to get ready to bathe to brush (one s hair) to wake up to have a good time to go to sleep, fall asleep to leave go to wash up; brush (one s teeth) to get up to comb one s hair to put on (clothes, makeup) to take off (clothes) to sit down to get dressed Most of the verbs have non-reflexive uses. Note, however, that some verbs change their meaning when the reflexive pronoun is added. 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 6
dormir to sleep dormirse to go to sleep, fall asleep ir to go irse to leave, go away Se levanta inmediatamente Levanta a los niños temprano. He gets up immediately He gets the children up early. Papá se afeita en el baño. Hoy el barbero afeita a papá. Dad shaves in the bathroom. Today the barber shaves Dad. La mamáse viste rápidamente La mamá viste a la niña. Gloria se despierta a las siete. Despierta también a su hermanito. little brother. The mother dresses quickly. The mother dresses the little girl. Gloria wakes up at seven. She also wakes up (wakens) her Present progressive tense: regular verbs When you want to emphasize that an action is happening right now, you use the present progressive tense. Paco está lavando los platos. Estoy haciendo la cama. Paco is washing dishes (now). I m making the bed (right now). To form the present progressive tense, use the present-tense forms of estar + the present participle. The present participle is formed by dropping the ending of the infinitive and adding ando for ar verbs or iendo for er and ir verbs. 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 7
lavando (yo) estoy comiendo escribiendo lavando (tú) estás comiendo escribiendo Usted lavando (él) está comiendo (ella) escribiendo (nosotros) (nosotras) (vosotros) (vosotras) Ustedes. estamos estáis lavando comiendo escribiendo lavando comiendo escribiendo lavando (ellos) están comiendo (ellas) escribiendo In Spanish, the present progressive is formed with a conjugated form of the verb estar plus ndo for of the verb, for ar verbs drop the ar and add ando to the stem of the verb. A form of estar and stem of the verb +ando e.g. To be dancing estar bailando I am dancing estoy bailando for er / ir verbs drop the er/ -ir and add- iendo to the stem of the verb. A form of Estar and stem of the verb +iendo e.g. To be eating estar comiendo You are eating estás comiendo To be writing estar escribiendo We are writing estamos escribiendo 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 8
When the stem of an er/-ir verb ends in a vowel iendo changes to yendo. A form of Estar and stem of the verb +yendo e.g. To be reading estar leyendo He is reading está leyendo To be believing estar creyendo They are believing están creyendo NOTICE when to use iendo and yendo for er/ir verbs. If after you drop the er or ir your stem has a consonant add iendo. If after you drop the er or ir your stem has a vowel add yendo. Comer leer Com- + iendo le- + yendo consonant vowel comiendo leyendo In the following er verbs, the i of iendo changes to y creer leer traer creyendo leyendo trayendo In Spanish, the present progressive is used only to describe an action that is taking place right at the moment. Qué estás haciendo? What are you doing? 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 9
The verbs to come and to go are not ordinarily used in the progressive in Spanish Present progressive: irregular forms Some verbs have irregular present progressive forms. To form the present participle of ir stem-changing verbs the e in the infinitive for changes to i, and the o in the infinitive form changes to u: Infinitivo stem-changing decir e i diciendo pedir e i pidiendo repetir e i repitiendo seguir e i siguiendo servir e i sirviendo vestir e i vistiendo dormir o u durmiendo When you use object pronouns with the present progressive, you can put them before the conjugated form of estar or attach them to the present participle. Notice that if a pronoun is attached to the present participle, an accent mark is needed. Write the accent mark over the vowel that is normally stressed in the present participle. Están ustedes esperando el autobús? Sí, lo estamos esperando. O, Sí estamos esperándolo. 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 10
Summary of progressive tense Regular and Irregular Present Participles -ar verbs -ando (doblar -er/-ir verbs iendo (poner doblando) poniendo) -ir stem-changing verbs [e i and er and ir verbs with a vowel at o u] the end of the stem [-iendo - yendo] creer creyendo (believing) decir diciendo (saying, telling) leer leyendo (reading) pedir pidiendo (ordering, traer trayendo (bringing) asking for) repetir repitiendo (repeating) seguir siguiendo (following, continuing) servir sirviendo (serving) vestir vistiendo (dressing) dormir durmiendo (sleeping) Formation of the Present Progressive estar (to be) estoy estamos estás está estáis están + present participle (-ando, -iendo) Estoy manejando. Estamos pasando la fuente. (I m driving.) (We re passing the fountain.) 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 11
Estás siguiendo las instrucciones? (Are you following the instructions?) Los peatones están cruzando la calle. (The pedestrians are crossing the street.) Pronouns can either be placed before the conjugates for of estar or attached to the end of the present participle. When you attach a pronoun to the present participle, you neeed to add an accent to the stressed vowel. Me estoy arreglando or Estoy arreglándome. Before the verb I am getting ready. attached the participle I am getting ready. Parts of the Body 1. la boca mouth 2. el brazo arm 3. la cabeza head 4. el corazón heart 5. el cuerpo body 6. el estómago stomach 7. la mano hand 8. la nariz nose 9. el ojo eye 10. la oreja ear 11. el pie foot 12. la piel skin 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 12
13. la pierna leg 14. la rodilla knee 15. el tobillo ankle Expressions with Tener 16. tener to have 17. tener ganas de to feel like. 18. tener que to have to Expansion de Vocabulario 19. alisarse el pelo to straighten one s hair 20. la base foundation 21. la colonia cologne 22. los cortaúñas nail clipper 23. el esmalte nailpolish 24. la loción (para después aftershave de afeitarse) 25. el perfume perfume 26. el pintalabios/ el lápiz lipstick 27. pintarse el pelo to color one s hair 28. pintarse las uñas to color one s nails 29. el rímel mascara 30. la seda dental dental floss 31. la sombra de ojos eye shadow Parts of the Body 32. los pulmones lungs 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 13
2 U2L2 Vocabulario 2 U2L2 Present Progressive Tense 2 U2L2 Reflexive Verbs 6/15/2013 5:02:48 PM 14