Indicative vs Present Subjunctive. Por ejemplo: Sé que va a Cuba en diciembre. I know that he is going to Cuba in December.

Transcripción

1 Indicative vs Present Subjunctive The indicative mood expresses fact, certainty and objectivity. Por ejemplo: Sé que va a Cuba en diciembre. I know that he is going to Cuba in December. The Subjunctive expresses what is possible, probable but not yet fact, a future possibility. There is an element of uncertainty. Dudo que vaya a Cuba en diciembre. I doubt that he is going Cuba in December. The subjunctive is required in clauses following verbs that denote a subjective idea or opinion. Such common verbs are : Querer- to want Esperar- to hope Estar contento/a to be happy Sentir- to regret Preferir- to prefer temer- to fear tener miedo de- to be afraid mandar- to order insister en- to insist prohibir- to prohibit For most verbs, the present subjunctive is formed by following these three steps: 1. Start with the yo form of the present indicative. 2. Then drop the -o ending. 3. Finally, add the following endings: -ar verbs: -e, -es, -e, -emos, en -er and -ir verbs: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -an

2 Formation of Regular verbs in the Subjunctive Hablar Comer Vivir Yo Hable Coma Viva tú Hables Comas Vivas Él/ ella / usted Hable Coma Viva Nosotros Hablemos Comamos Vivamos Ellos/ellas Hablen Coman Vivan Ustedes Hablen Coman Vivan Uses of the subjunctive After verbs of wanting or wishing 1. Quiere que mire su película favorita. He wants me to watch his favourite film. After verbs of emotion 2. Estoy contento de que puedas venir. I am happy that he can come. After verbs of commanding, instructing or requesting 3. Te pido que ayudes con mis deberes. I ask you to help with my homework.

3 The use of cuando (implies the future) +subjunctive 4. Cuando salga del colegio, trabajaré en el extranjero. When I leave school, I will work overseas. After verbs which express doubt 5. (No creo / pienso) que vayan a ayudarnos. (I do not believe/ think) they re going to help us. Dudo que vaya ayudarme. I doubt he is going to help me. After certain impersonal verbs and expressions: Es mejor que/ más vale que It is best that Ejemplo : Más vale que no venga. It is best for him not to come. Es preciso que/ Es necesario que/ Hace falta que It is necessary that Es posible que- It is possible that Es imposible que- It is impossible that Es probable que- It is probable that Puede (ser) que- It may be that

4 Ejemplos: Es imposible que yo lo haga. It is impossible for me to do it. Es preciso que llegues a tiempo. It is important for you to arrive. Expressions of certainty such as es cierto que (it is certain that) do not take the subjunctive except when used negatively. Es cierto que +present No es cierto que + subjunctive Irregular verbs in the Subjunctive tense which spell out Dishes Dar dé des de demos den Ir vaya vayas vaya vayamos vayan Ser sea seas sea seamos sean Haber haya hayas haya hayamos hayan Estar esté estés esté estemos estén Saber sepa sepas sepa sepamos sepan Positive Commands

5 There are three different forms of commands, depending on whom you are addressing. 1. Tú Addressing one person in the familiar form. Eg. Habla más despacio- Speak slowly 2. Usted- Addressing one person in the polite form. Hable conmigo- Speak with me 3. Ustedes- Addressing more than one person. Hablen en voz baja- Speak softly. Formation of these commands : 1. When addressing one person in the familiar form, use the 3 rd person singular of the present indicative Hablar = Habla 2. When addressing one person in the polite form, the stem of the 1 st person singular is taken Hablar= Hablo Take off the o and add e for ar verbs. For er and ir verbs, add an a Por ejemplo: Comer= Como (change to the first person)= Coma - eat (singular) Vivir = Vivo (change to the first person) = Viva- Live (singular) 3. When addressing more than one person, an n is added to the polite singular form of the imperative. Comer = Como (change to the first person) = Coman Eat (plural) Vivir= Vivo (change to the first person) = Vivan- Live (plural)

6 The Imperfect Subjunctive The Imperfect Subjunctive is formed from the 3rd person plural of the preterite tense. It is used to state the subjunctive in the past tense. STEPS 1. Choose the verb hablar, beber, vivir 2. Change the verbs into the 3 rd person plural of the preterite tense Hablar hablaron Beber- bebieron Vivir- vivieron 3. Drop the ron ending and add the endings for the imperfect subjuntive STEMS Habla(ron) Bebie(ron) Vivie(ron) ENDINGS - ra - ras - ra - ramos - ran

7 4. Put the stems and the endings together. STEM ENDINGS Yo habla Tú habla Él / ella/ usted habla Nosotros habla Ellos/ ellas/ ustedes habla Beber Yo bebiera Tú bebieras Él/ ella/ usted bebiera Nosotros bebiéramos Ellos/ ellas/ ustedes bebieran ra= hablara ras= hablaras ra= hablara rámos= hablarámos ran= hablaran Vivir Yo viviera Tú vivieras Él/ ella/ usted viviera Nosotros viviéramos Ellos/ ellas/ ustedes vivieran EJERCICIO: Conjugate these verbs fully into the imperfect subjunctive 1. Escuchar 6. Poder 2. Hacer 7. Ir & ser 3. Querer 8. Estar 4. Vender 9. Saber 5. Salir 10. Poner

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