GRAMMAR UNIT 9. Usted vive en la ciudad, verdad? = You live in the city, don t you?

Transcripción

1 GRAMMAR UNIT 9 I. TAG QUESTIONS Este tipo de interrogación la utilizamos cuando queremos verificar alguna información que conocemos de antemano o para expresar sorpresa ante alguna noticia o información que se nos comunique. Equivale al español cuando por lo general enfatizamos la pregunta diciendo al final de la oración verdad? Usted vive en la ciudad, verdad? = You live in the city, don t you? Cuando el verbo no necesita auxiliares para hacer la oración negativa ni la pregunta, entonces usamos ese mismo verbo en la tag question pero si no es así, entonces debemos usar los auxiliares en la tag question. Para hacer este tipo de preguntas también hay que recordar que si la oración está afirmativa la tag question va negativa y viceversa. Por lo tanto, si la afirmación se encuentra en presente simple usamos los auxiliares do o does:, si está en pasado utilizamos el auxiliar did, en futuro el will y así respectivamente. Otra cosa importante es que el sujeto de la oración es el mismo de la tag question. Los siguientes ejemplos van a ilustrar lo explicado anteriormente: Ejemplos afirmativos: They re eating dinner, aren t they? Ejemplos negativos: They aren t eating dinner, are they?

2 She s so beautiful, isn t she? She isn t so beautiful, is she? It s late, isn t it? It isn t late, is it? I m the best student, aren t I? * I m not the best student, am I? We were at home all day, weren t we? We weren t at home all day, were we? She was taking a shower, wasn t she? She wasn t taking a shower, was she? I can go out now, can t I? I can t go out now, can I? She could ride a bike, couldn t she? She couldn t ride a bike, could she? She ll call me at 2 p.m, won t she? She won t call me at 2 p.m, will she? You ve been here for a long time, haven t you? You haven t been here for a long time, have you? She s already done her homework, hasn t she? She hasn t done her homework yet, has she? It s going to rain a lot, isn t it? It isn t going to rain a lot, is it? They like Greek food, don t they? She has blue eyes, doesn t she? she? You ate a big breakfast, didn t you? They don t like Greek food, do they? She doesn t have blue eyes, does You didn t eat a big breakfast, did you? *Note que en este caso debemos colocar aren t con el pronombre personal I ya que la contracción de am con la partícula negativa not es imposible y en este tipo de interrogación siempre la parte negativa se debe colocar con contracción. II. EMPHATIC SENTENCES. Las oraciones enfáticas, como su nombre lo indica, se usan cuando queremos realzar una parte de la oración ya sea porque es muy importante o porque estamos enojados y queremos que la otra persona entienda bien lo que estamos diciendo. Para lograr esto en la parte oral se debe entonar con

3 un tono de voz más fuerte aquella parte que queremos enfatizar. En la escritura, el énfasis se logra escribiendo con letra mayúscula el verbo o el auxiliar en la oración. Oración normal I m tired She s my best friend. They re very happy. We ll study French. She can ride a motorcycle. We were losing money. She was my only girlfriend. I ve seen that movie before. She s written 3 books. We won t go out tonight. I haven t slept well. He doesn t understand. They didn t come to my party. She can t do that here. They weren t enjoying the class. Oración con énfasis I AM tired. She IS my best friend. They ARE very happy. We WILL study French. She CAN ride a motorcycle. We WERE losing money. She WAS my only girlfriend. I HAVE seen that movie before. She HAS written 3 books. We WON T go out tonight. I HAVEN T slept well. He DOESN T understand. They DIDN T come to my party. She CAN T do that here. They WEREN T enjoying the class. Cuando las oraciones se encuentran en pasado simple o presente simple en forma afirmativa es preciso poner el auxiliar respectivo ( DO / DOES / DID) y el verbo en su forma simple, o sea, sin conjugar. Oración normal I went to the park. Mary likes American food. Bob and Karol love each other. We did exercises all day. You look tired. She has a very expensive dog. They understood everything. I had a terrific time. Oración con énfasis I DID go to the park.. Mary DOES like American food. Bob and Karol DO love each other. We DID do exercises all day. You DO look tired. She DOES have a very expensive dog. They DID understand everything. I DID have a terrific time.

4 Hay que tener cuidado de no confundir HAVE, HAS y HAD cuando son el verbo principal de la oración, y cuando son auxiliares en el presente y pasado perfecto. No olvidemos que cuando son auxiliares van seguidos de un verbo en PAST PARTICIPLE. NEW VOCABULARY UNIT 9 Verbs: celebrate: celebrar fish: pescar lock: cerrar con llave move out: mudarse observe: observar pace: pasearse star in: ser la estrella en tie: amarrar Adjectives: considerate: considerado cooperative: cooperativo efficient: eficiente industrious: trabajador, aplicado overcooked: sobre cocinado pleasant: agradable pleased: complacido punctual: puntual shocked: sobresaltado, conmocionado sour: agrio thoughtful: pensativo unfair: injusto

5 Medical: common cold: resfrío común cure: cura Car Travel: miles per hour: millas por hora spare tire: respuesto Work: feedback: retroalimentación job performance: desempeño en el trabajo Shipping Department: Departamento de Embarque Miscellaneous: accusation: acusación championship: campeonato dolphin: delfín engagement: compromiso frisbee: juego del Frisbee gray hairs: canas guy: muchacho tipo - chico online: en línea ride: paseo suspect: sospechoso Time Magazine: revista Time wagon: vagón Expressions: come to think of it: pensándolo bien congratulations!: felicitaciones! fall asleep at the wheel: quedarse dormido en el volante for no reason: sin ninguna razón I don t believe it!: no lo creo

6 make a nice couple: hacer una bonita pareja now that you mention it: ahora que usted lo menciona pace back and forth: pasearse de un lado al otro see things very differently: ver las cosas muy diferentemente What makes you think.?: Qué te hace pensar..?