El arte en las cuevas by Alexandra Behr

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1 LESSON 7 TEACHER S GUIDE by Alexandra Behr Fountas-Pinnell Level S Informational Text Selection Summary People started making art many thousands of years ago. As long as 32,000 years ago, early people began to make paintings on cave walls. The most famous examples of cave art are found in France. Most cave paintings show animals that were important to early people s survival. HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Number of Words: 889 Characteristics of the Text Genre Informational text Text Structure Divided into six sections with headings Presents multiple topics that represent subtopics of a larger topic: cave art Content Ancient cave paintings in Europe, especially in France Techniques used by prehistoric cave artists Themes and Ideas Early humans began making works of art at least 32,000 years ago. The reasons why early people made art are unknown. Cave art may have been created to show love and respect for the animals in the paintings, as teaching tools, as illustrations for stories, and for ceremonies. Language and Descriptive language Literary Features Writer talks directly to the reader (second person) Sentence Complexity Exclamations Sentences with dependent and independent clauses Vocabulary Diffi cult concepts and words not defi ned in text: puente de tierra, extinguido, óxido de hierro Place names and other proper nouns that may be challenging: Egipto, egipcios, Europa Words Many multisyllable words: pirámides, decorar, reales, ilustradores, prehistórico Names of animals that may be unfamiliar: bisonte, reno, antílopes, mamut, rinoceronte Illustrations Photographs with captions bearing additional information Maps and a time line Book and Print Features Pronunciation guides in parentheses for diffi cult place names Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding (discipline) Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 SouthPark Center Loop, Orlando, Florida Printed in the U.S.A If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

2 by Alexandra Behr Build Background Help students use their knowledge of art to visualize the paintings in book. Build interest by asking questions such as the following: Qué les gustaría pintar en las paredes de una cueva? Hace cuánto tiempo creen que comenzó la humanidad a hacer arte? Read the title and author and talk about the cover illustration. Introduce the Text Guide students through the text, noting important ideas and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions: Page 2: Explain that this book is about ancient art art made very long ago. Suggested language: Vayan a la página 2 de este libro. El título es una pregunta: Qué edad tiene el arte? Alguna vez pensaron sobre cuándo comenzaron las personas a hacer arte? Qué materiales creen que habrán usado? Page 5: Read aloud the caption for the map on page 5. Have students fi nd the place names as you read them aloud. Lean el título. Por qué habrá arte de las cuevas en un museo bajo la tierra? Pages 6 7: Explain that the photos on these pages show examples of cave art. Qué es lo que más se ve en las pinturas que hay en las paredes de esta caverna, o cueva? Por qué creen que los pintores de las cuevas hicieron una mayoría de imágenes de animales? Page 8: Explain that the time line shows when things happened. Point out that the earliest date is at the top of the time line, and the most recent dates are at the bottom. Lean la pregunta de la leyenda. Cuál es la respuesta? Page 10: Read the heading: Tricks and Técnicas. Explain that techniques are different ways to make or do something. Qué técnicas hemos usado en la clase para hacer arte? Ahora, vuelvan al comienzo del libro para descubrir acerca del arte en las cuevas. Expand Your Vocabulary caverna una cueva generalmente grande o de tamaño desconocido, p. 6 ceremonia acto o serie de actos formales realizados de forma regular según reglas fijas, p. 11 grabado algo tallado en una superficie de madera, piedra o metal, p. 7 grafiti escrito o dibujo generalmente ilegal en una superficie pública, p. 2 mineral una substancia que se encuentra en la naturaleza (como el hierro) que se obtiene generalmente del suelo, p. 9 técnica método para adquirir una meta deseada, p. 10 2

3 Read Have students read silently while you listen to individual students read. Support their problem solving and fluency as needed. Remind students to use the Analyze/Evaluate Strategy about what they read, then form an opinion about it. and to think Discuss and Revisit the Text Personal Response Invite students to share their personal responses to the book. Suggested language: Por qué creen que los primeros hombres hicieron pinturas en las cuevas? Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, help students understand these points: Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text Early humans began painting in caves at least 32,000 years ago. The most important cave-art sites are in Europe, especially in France. Most cave art represents images of animals that were important to early people. No one knows for sure why early humans created these images. Humans have been creating art for many thousands of years. Many ancient cave paintings are beautiful and moving Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. The maps, time line, photographs, and text help readers understand what cave art is and how it was made. The section headings tell the information in each text section. The author succeeded in her purpose to interest readers in ancient cave art. Choices for Further Support Fluency Invite students to choose a passage from the text and demonstrate phrased fl uent reading. Remind them that punctuation can help them stress words in a meaningful way to show they understand what they are reading. Comprehension Based on your observations of the students reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas. Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Remind students that adding prefi xes and suffi xes to words changes the meaning of a word. Have students choose a word from the book and see how many different new words they can create by adding or removing prefi xes and suffi xes; for example: cubierto, descubrir, recubrimiento, descubrieron, encubierto. 3

4 Writing about Reading Critical Thinking Have students complete the questions on Hoja reproducible 7.8. Responding Have students complete the activities at the back of the book. Use the instruction below as needed to reinforce or extend understanding of the comprehension skill. Target Comprehension on Skill Text and Graphic Features Remind students that paying attention to how words, photos, and other graphics work together can help them understand what they are reading. Model the skill, using a Think Aloud like the one below: Think Aloud El texto de la página 5 dice que los ejemplos más famosos de arte en las cuevas están en Europa, especialmente en Francia. El mapa de la parte superior de la página me muestra dónde queda Francia, y las flechas señalan dos de las cuevas de Francia donde se ha encontrado arte. El mapa clarifica lo que dice el texto. Practice the Skill Have students share an example of the way in which they used the words and illustrations in a book to help them understand what they were reading. Writing Prompt: Thinking Beyond the Text Have students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think beyond the text, they use what they know and their own experience to think about what happens in the text. Assessment Prompts On page 12, the author says that we may never know for sure why the ancient cave paintings were made. Explain in your own words why this is true. Complete this sentence in your own words: From this book, the reader can tell that. Tell how you can use the words and pictures on page 6 to fi gure out the meaning of the word reales. 4

5 Responder DESTREZA CLAVE Características textuales y gráficas Los títulos, las fotografías y los mapas te ayudarán a comprender este libro. Copia y completa la tabla que está abajo. Agrega 2 filas más, una para Fotografías y otra para Mapas. Característica Ejemplo Propósito Títulos Qué edad tiene el arte?? Fotografías?? Mapas?? A escribir! El texto y el mundo En qué se parecían los artistas primitivos y sus obras a los artistas modernos y sus obras? En qué se diferencian? Escribe un párrafo comentando las diferencias y similitudes entre ambos. Nombre Fecha Lección 7 HOJA REPRODUCIBLE _035536_LR2_2AL_ARTECU_L07.indd /20/09 9:30:10 PM Lee y contesta las preguntas. 1. Piensa dentro del texto Qué descubrieron cuatro adolescentes en Francia en 1940? Respuesta posible: una cueva sorprendente con pinturas hechas por artistas hace entre 17,000 y 15,000 años 2. Piensa dentro del texto Según los expertos, cómo se comparan los artistas primitivos con los actuales? Respuesta posible: Las habilidades de los artistas primitivos eran iguales que las de los artistas actuales. 3. Piensa acerca del texto Sientes una conexión con los pueblos primitivos cuando miras las fotografías de las pinturas realizadas hace miles de años? Explica tu respuesta. Las respuestas variarán. 4. Piensa más allá del texto Por qué crees que el autor usa una línea cronológica en la página 8? Te fue útil la línea cronológica al leer el texto? Explica tu respuesta. Respuesta posible: La línea cronológica organiza las ideas principales del texto. Me ayudó a repasar la información y verificar mi comprensión. Hacer conexiones El arte rupestre es un registro de cómo vivían las personas hace mucho tiempo. Cómo podrías dejar un registro de la vida en tu comunidad? Escribe tu respuesta en tu Cuaderno de lectura. Lea las instrucciones a los estudiantes.. All rights reserved. 10 Grado 3, Unidad 2: Exprésate! 5

6 Nombre Fecha Pensar más allá del texto Piensa en la siguiente pregunta. Después, escribe tu respuesta en uno o dos párrafos. Los hombres primitivos tallaban y pintaban en su mayoría animales que eran importantes para ellos. Mira una de las fotos del libro, como la que está en la página 7 o la de la página 13. Después, usa la información del libro para explicar por qué se creó la pintura. Puedes escribir la explicación en primera persona, como si fueras el artista primitivo. Recuerda que cuando usas el punto de vista de la primera persona, puedes usar Yo. 6

7 Nombre Fecha Lección 7 HOJA REPRODUCIBLE 7.8 Lee y contesta las preguntas. 1. Piensa dentro del texto Qué descubrieron cuatro adolescentes en Francia en 1940? 2. Piensa dentro del texto Según los expertos, cómo se comparan los artistas primitivos con los actuales? 3. Piensa acerca del texto Sientes una conexión con los pueblos primitivos cuando miras las fotografías de las pinturas realizadas hace miles de años? Explica tu respuesta. 4. Piensa más allá del texto Por qué crees que el autor usa una línea cronológica en la página 8? Te fue útil la línea cronológica al leer el texto? Explica tu respuesta. Hacer conexiones El arte rupestre es un registro de cómo vivían las personas hace mucho tiempo. Cómo podrías dejar un registro de la vida en tu comunidad? Escribe tu respuesta en tu Cuaderno de lectura. 7

8 Estudiante NIVEL S Fecha Lección 7 HOJA REPRODUCIBLE 7.11 Registro de lectura page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections 11 Es difícil imaginar con seguridad por qué el hombre primitivo pintó imágenes en las paredes de las cuevas. Muchas de ellas mostraban animales que eran muy importantes para su supervivencia. Quizás los pintores querían mostrar su amor y respeto por tales criaturas. Tal vez usaron el arte para enseñarles a los niños sobre estos animales, o en ceremonias. Quizás estos artistas eran similares a los ilustradores modernos de los libros, que realizaban pinturas en las cuevas para ilustrar historias. 12 Hoy en día, los científicos siguen investigando para comprender los misterios de este magnífico arte antiguo. Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/95 100) % Total Self- Corrections Behavior Code Error Read word correctly lobo 0 Repeated word, sentence, or phrase lobo Omission lobo 1 0 Behavior Code Error Substitution lodo lobo 1 Self-corrects lodo sc lobo Insertion el ˆlobo 1 Word told T 1 lobo

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