Capítulo Preliminar. Capítulo 1: Mucho Gusto!

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1 Getting started with Spanish: El alfabeto refer to worksheet Frases útiles refer to textbook Colores: gris morado rosado rojo marrón verde Capítulo Preliminar blanco anaranjado amarillo azul negro ==================================================================================== Capítulo 1: Mucho Gusto! Objectives: Say hello and goodbye Introduce people & respond to an introduction Ask and say how old someone is Ask where someone is from and say where you are from Talk about likes and dislikes PRIMER PASO Saying hello and goodbye: Adiós Buenas noches. Buenas tardes. Bueno, tengo clase. Buenos días. Chao. Hasta luego. Hasta mañana. Hola! señor señora señorita Tengo que irme. Introducing people and responding to an introduction: Cómo te llamas? Me llamo Encantado/a. Mucho gusto. Ésta es mi amiga. Se llama Éste es mi amigo. Soy Igualmente. Y tú? Asking how someone is and saying how you are: Cómo estás? (Muy) mal. Estoy (bastante) bien, gracias. Qué tal? Estupendo/a. Regular. Excelente. tú Gracias. yo Horrible. Yo también. Más o menos.

2 SEGUNDO PASO Asking and saying how old someone is: Cuántos años tiene? Cuántos años tienes? el número Tengo... años. Tiene... años. Asking where someone is from and saying where you are from: De dónde eres? De dónde es? Es de ser Soy de... Numbers 0-30: cero uno dos tres cuatro cinco seis siete ocho nueve diez once doce trece catorce quince dieciséis diecisiete dieciocho diecinueve veinte veintiuno veintidós veintitrés veinticuatro veinticinco veintiséis veintisiete veintiocho veintinueve treinta TERCER PASO Talking about likes and dislikes: el baloncesto el béisbol la cafetería el chocolate la clase de inglés la comida mexicana / italiana / china el la ensalada el español la fruta el fútbol el fútbol norteamericano el jazz la más Me gusta... Me gusta más... mucho la música clásica / pop / rock la música de... la natación no No me gusta... pero la pizza Qué te gusta? sí la tarea Te gusta? el tenis el voleibol

3 Capítulo 1: Grammar Patterns Spanish Punctuation Notice the upside down punctuation marks in Spanish: Qué tal? Chao! In Spanish, an accent mark is sometimes used over vowels (á, é, í, ó, ú) to show which syllable in a word is stressed. The letter ñ has a tilde (~) over it to show that it is pronounced like the ny in the word canyon. Subject pronouns tú and yo The pronoun yo, capitalized only at the beginning of a sentence, is used when you refer to yourself: Yo soy María. The pronoun tú is used when you are talking to a friend or a classmate: Y tú? The pronouns tú and yo can either be stated or implied. Yo is implied in the following expressions: Bueno, tengo clase. Tengo que irme. Me llamo Soy Estoy bien, gracias. Tú is implied in these expressions: Cómo te llamas? Cómo estás? The verb SER You use the verb ser to say where someone is from. To describe where you are from, you would say: (Yo) soy de To ask a friend where he or she is from, you might say: De dónde eres (tú)? To ask where someone is from, you might say: De dónde es Ana? yo tú él / ella soy eres es Forming Questions Question words are sued to ask who?, what?, where?, when?, why?, and how? Examples of question words: Cómo estás? (How are you?) Cómo te llamas? (What s your name? Literally, How are you called?) Cuántos años tienes? (How old are you?) De dónde eres? (Where are you from?)

4 Nouns and Definite Articles In Spanish, nouns have a gender either masculine or feminine. The definite articles el or la (meaning the ) almost always indicate the gender of the noun. Generally, el is used before masculine nouns and la before feminine nouns. When learning a new noun, it s important to know which definite article accompanies it. Capítulo 1: Culture Concepts Spanish Last Names Spanish and Latin Americans commonly use both their first and Latin Americans commonly use both their first and middle names. They also generally use two last names: first the father s and then the mother s maiden name. For example, Paco s full name is: Francisco Xavier López Medina. Father s last name López Mother s maiden name Medina In the phone book, Paco s name would be listed under L as López Medina. Greetings and Goodbyes Spanish speakers often greet each other with a handshake or a kiss. In Spain, friends may greet each other with a light kiss on both cheeks. Latin Americans kiss on only one cheek. When men greet each other, they often shake hands, pat each other on the back or hug. Young people often shake hands when they meet or say goodbye. Family members usually greet each other with a kiss. First Names and Saint s Day Many people in Spain and Latin America are Roman Catholic. Children are often named after the Catholic saint celebrated on the day they are born, or after very important saints. Common first names are José and Juan Pablo for males, María José and Magdalena for females. Some common Jewish names include Miriam and Ester for girls, and Isaac and Jacobo for boys. Islamic names include Ómar and Ismael for boys, and Jasmín and Zoraida for girls. La distancia interpersonal Interpersonal distance Interpersonal distance is the distance people keep from each other when they are together. Generally speaking, Spanish speakers stand and sit closer to one another than most people in the United States do. Your Spanish-speaking friend might think you are a bit unfriendly if you stand too far away.

5 Capítulo 2: Organízate! Objectives: Talking about what you want and need Describing the contents of your room Talking about what you need to do and want to do PRIMER PASO Talking about what you want and need: el bolígrafo Bueno la calculadora la carpeta el colegio el cuaderno el diccionario él ella la goma de borrar el lápiz la librería el libro la mochila necesita SEGUNDO PASO Describing the contents of your room: el armario la cama el cartel Cuánto/a? Cuántos/as? el cuarto el escritorio hay la lámpara la mesa mi mucho/a muchos/as la puerta necesitar necesitas necesito el papel querer (ue) quiere quieres quiero la regla tengo un una unas unos ya Qué hay en...? la radio el reloj la revista la ropa la silla su el televisor tener (ie) tiene tienes tu la ventana las zapatillas de tenis

6 TERCER PASO Talking about what you need to do and want to do: el centro comercial comprar conocer la cosa el dinero el dólar encontrar (ue) hacer ir No sé. nuevos amigos organizar la pizzería poner primero Numbers : treinta y uno treinta y dos treinta y tres treinta y cuatro treinta y cinco treinta y seis... cuarenta cincuenta sesenta setenta ochenta noventa cien... ciento uno ciento dos ciento tres... ciento noventa y nueve *NOTA: Uno at the end of a number changes to un before a masculine noun and una before a feminine noun: veintiún cuadernos treinta y un diccionarios veintiuna carpetas treinta y una gomas de borrar Capítulo 2: Grammar Patterns Indefinite Articles In Spanish, the indefinite articles un and una are the equivalent of a and an. Un is used with masculine nouns un libro Una is used with feminine nouns una regla The plural indefinite articles unos and unas mean some or a few. Use unos with a masculine plural noun unos libros Use unas with a feminine plural noun unas reglas When referring to a group that includes masculine and feminine objects or males and females, the masculine plural is used. unos estudiantes unos profesores

7 Making Nouns Plural To make a noun plural, add s if it ends in a vowel: cuaderno cuadernos If the noun ends in a consonant, add es: marcador marcadores For nouns ending in z, change the z to c and add es: lápiz lápices Subject Pronouns The subject pronoun yo (I) is used when you are talking about yourself and tú (you) is used when you are talking to a friend. Yo necesito dos reglas. Tú necesitas tres carpetas, no? The subject pronouns él (he) or ella (she) are used when you are talking about someone else. Paco y Merche son mis amigos. Él es de Perú. Ella es de Argentina. In Spanish, subject pronouns are sued mainly for clarity or emphasis, since the verb shows who the subject of the sentence is. The adjectives mucho and cuánto Agreement of mucho and cuánto: In Spanish, many adjectives have endings that change depending on whether the nouns is masculine or feminine (agreement in gender), singular or plural (agreement in number). These changes are shown in the following chart: Singular Plural Masculine rojo rojos Feminine roja rojas Various forms of cuánto? are used to ask how much? or how many? Cuánto? is an adjective, so it agrees with the noun it is describing. Cuánto papel necesitas? Cuánta tarea tienes? Cuántos libros hay? Cuántas carpetas quieres? Infinitives Verbs like comprar (to buy), poner (to put), conocer (to know, to meet), and ir (to go), are called infinitives. In English, infinitives begin with the word to: to run, to walk, to dance, to live. In Spanish, infinitives always end with ar, -er, or ir (organizar, hacer, escribir). Capítulo 2: Culture Concepts The school day in Spain and Latin America In many high schools in Spain and Latin America, students stay in the same room for their classes all day and the teachers change classrooms. Because of this, it s rare to find a school that has lockers. Students carry their supplies to and from school each day in book bags or backpacks. Apartments in Spain In Spain, most people live in pisos (apartments) in cities or towns. Bedrooms are often smaller, and sisters or brothers will sometimes have to share a room. Generally, the family shares a single TV set and a single phone. It is not common for teenagers to have a TV or a phone of their own in their bedroom.