Present Indicative tense

Transcripción

1 Present Indicative tense To Form: Drop the ar ending of an infinitive, like hablar, and add the following endings: o, as, a, amos, an Drop the er ending of an infinitive, like beber, and add the following endings: o, es, e, emos, en Drop the ir ending of an infinitive, like recibir, and add the following endings: o, es, e, imos, en Uses: An action or state of being at the present time. Present Progressive tense To form: estar (in the present tense) + present participle To form present pasticiple: Drop the ar ending of an infinitive, like hablar, and add: ando Drop the er ending of an infinitive, like beber, or the ir ending of an infinitive, like recibir, and add: -iendo Uses: When you want to emphasize that an action is occurring RIGHT NOW. Examples: Estoy hablando. (I am speaking.) Estás bebiendo. (You are drinking.) Estamos leyendo. (We are reading.) Imperfect tense To form: Drop the ar ending of an infinitive, like hablar, and add the following endings: aba, abas, aba, ábamos, aban Drop the er ending of an infinitive, like beber, or the ir ending of an infinitive, like recibir, and add the following endings: ía, ías, ía, íamos, ían Uses: An action that was going on in the past at the same time as another action. An action that was going on in the past when another action occurred. An action that a person did habitually in the past. A description of a mental, emotional, or physical condition in the past. The time of day in the past. Irregulars: ser: era, eras, era, éramos, eran ir: iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, iban ver: veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veían Examples: Yo hablaba. (I was speaking, I used to speak.) Tú bebías. (You were drinking, You used to drink.) Ellos recibían. (They were receiving, They used to receive.) Past Progressive tense To form: : estar (in the imperfect tense) + present participle To form present pasticiple: Drop the ar ending of an infinitive, like hablar, and add: ando Drop the er ending of an infinitive, like beber, or the ir ending of an infinitive, like recibir, and add: -iendo Uses: Can be used interchangeably with the imperfect tense. Examples: Yo estaba oyendo. (I was hearing, I used to hear.)

2 Preterite tense Tú estabas pidiendo. (You were ordering, You used to order.) Nosotros estábamos durmiendo. (We were sleeping, We used to sleep.) To form: Drop the ar ending of an infinitive, like hablar, and add the following endings: é, aste, ó, amos, aron Drop the er ending of an infinitive, like beber, or the ir ending of an infinitive, like recibir, and add the following endings: í, iste, ió, imos, ieron Uses: An action that was completed at some time in the past. Irregulars: Drop the ending of infinitive and add the following endings: e, iste, o, imos, ieron andar: anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, anduvieron estar: estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvieron tener: tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvieron poder: pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudieron poner: puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusieron saber: supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supieron hacer: hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron querer: quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisieron venir: vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinieron decir: dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijeron traer: traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajeron ser/ir: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron ver: vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron dar: di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron Examples: Yo hablé contigo ayer. (I spoke with you yesterday.) María fue al cine esta mañana. (María went to the movies this morning.) Juan hizo la tarea a las siete. (Juan did the homework at 7:00.) Future tense To form: Add the following endings to the whole infinitive: é, ás, á, emos, án Uses: An action or state of being that will take place at some time in the future. Irregulars: caber: cabré, cabrás, cabrá, cabremos, cabrán haber: habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habrán poder: podré, podrás, podrá, podremos, podrán querer: querré, querrás, querrá, querremos, querrán saber: sabré, sabrás, sabrá, sabremos, sabrán poner: pondré, pondrás, pondrá, pondremos, pondrán tener: tendré, tendrás, tendrá, tendremos, tendrán venir: vendré, vendrás, vendrá, vendremos, vendrán salir: saldré, saldrás, saldrá, saldremos, saldrán valer: valdré, valdrás, valdrá, valdremos, valdrán decir: diré, dirás, dirá, diremos, dirán hacer: haré, harás, hará, haremos, harán Examples: Iremos al campo la semana que viene. (We will go to the country next week.) Saldré para Guatemala al mediodía. (I will leave for Guatemala at noon.)

3 Conditional tense Pepe tendrá que limpiar su cuarto. (Pepe will have to clean his room.) To form: Add the following endings to the whole infinitive: ía, ías, ía, íamos, ían Uses: An action that you would do if something else were possible. Irregulars: same as future tense Examples: Me gustaría tomar una limonada. (I would like to drink lemonade.) Iría a España si tuviera dinero. (I would go to Spain if I had money.) Paco estudiaría si pudiera leer. (Paco would study if he were able to read.) Present Subjunctive MOOD To form: 3. Add opposite endings For an ar ending type, add: e, es, e, emos, en For an er or ir ending type, add: a, as, a, amos, an Uses: After a verb that expresses some kind of wish, insistence, preference, suggestion, or request. After a verb that expresses doubt, fear, joy, hope, sorrow, or some other emotion. After certain impersonal expressions that show necessity, doubt, regret, importance, urgency, or possibility. Irregulars: ser: sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean ir: vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan saber: sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan dar: dé, des, dé, demos, den estar: esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén Examples: Dudo que María lo haga. (I doubt that María is doing it.) Es necesario que Uds. estudien. (It s necessary that you all study.) Me alegro de que vengas. (I m glad that you re coming.) Present Perfect tense To form: haber (in the present tense) + past participle haber: he, has, ha, hemos, han To form past participle: Drop the ar ending of an infinitive, like hablar, and add: ado Drop the er ending of an infinitive, like beber, or the ir ending of an infinitive, like recibir, and add: -ido Uses: An action that took place at no definite time in the past. Irregulars (past participles): caer: caído creer: creído leer: leído oír: oído traer: traído abrir: abierto cubrir: cubierto

4 descubrir: descubierto escribir: escrito morir: muerto poner: puesto romper: roto ver: visto volver: vuelto decir: dicho hacer: hecho Examples: Uds. han terminado? (Have you all finished?) Elena ha ganado el premio. (Elena has won the prize.) Cici ha quemado la casa. (Cici has burned the house.) Imperative MOOD (Commands) Formal (Ud. and Uds.) 3. Add opposite endings For an ar ending type, add: e, en For an er or ir ending type, add: a, an Irregulars: (same as subjunctive) ser: sea, sean ir: vaya, vayan saber: sepa, sepan dar: dé, den estar: esté, estén Examples: Estudien para el examen final! (Study for the final!) Báñense! (Bathe!) No se quiten la ropa! (Don t take your clothes off!) Affirmative tú commands To form: Same as the 3 rd person singular of the present indicative (él/ella/ud. form) Irregulars: decir: di hacer: haz poner: pon salir: sal ser: sé tener: ten ir: ve venir: ven Examples: Haz la tarea! (Do your homework!)

5 Ven conmigo! (Come with me!) Lávate los manos! (Wash your hands!) Negative tú commands 3. Add opposite ending For an ar ending type, add: es For an er or ir ending type, add: as Irregulars: (same as subjunctive) ser: no seas ir: no vayas saber: no sepas dar: no des estar: no estés Examples: No me des tu basura! (Don t give me your trash!) No salgas con los chicos! (Don t go out with the boys!) No te afeites con Pepsi! (Don t shave with Pepsi!) Nosotros commands 3. Add opposite ending For an ar ending type, add: emos For an er or ir ending type, add: amos Uses: To say Let s do whatever the action verb states Irregulars: ir: vámonos Examples: Sentémonos debajo del árbol! (Let s sit under the tree!) Bañémonos con agua fría! (Let s bathe with cold water!) Cantemos Shakira! (Let s sing Shakira!) Commands with pronouns: Affirmative: attach (Negative: it goes in front) When an object pronoun is attached to the verb an accent is placed on the next to last syllable before the pronoun was attached (see above). Spelling change with -car -gar -zar verbs To form: c qu, g gu, z c This affects: the yo form of the preterite tense ALL forms of the present subjunctive mood Formal (Ud. and Uds.) commands Negative tú commands