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1 Nivel: M EDL: 28 Género: Texto informativo LESSON 30 TEACHER S GUIDE Estrategia: Los primeros bomberos de Visualizar Destreza: Comparar y contrastar Número de palabras: 669 Estados Unidos by Lena Crawford Fountas-Pinnell Level L Informational Text Selection Summary Fires were a great danger in the 1700s. In Philadelphia, Benjamín Franklin formed an official fire brigade. At first, fire engines were HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Libritos nivelados en línea pushed or pulled by firefighters. Later, horses 001_2_046146_LR6_5OL_SPA_COVER_b1 were used. 1 Firefighting has changed a lot since early days. New equipment and methods and highly trained firefighters provide a high level of fire protection Characteristics of the Text Genre Informational text Text Structure Three sections of text with substantive headings Content Themes and Ideas Language and Literary Features Sentence Complexity Vocabulary Words Illustrations Book and Print Features por Lena Crawford HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Number of Words: 656 Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding (discipline) Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 SouthPark Center Loop, Orlando, Florida Printed in the U.S.A If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format. 4/14/08 11:11:43 AM Each section presents a different category of information about fi ghting fi res in the past and today Underlying compare-and-contrast text structure Life in America in the 1700s Early fi refi ghting equipment The fi rst fi refi ghting brigades Present-day fi refi ghting Fires have always been a danger. Firefi ghting technology, equipment, and methods have changed greatly over time. Clear language and straightforward presentation Description but no fi gurative use of language A mix of short and more complex sentences Both dependent and independent clauses Exclamations Content-specifi c terms: brigada de incendio, seguridad contra incendios, estaciones de bomberos, hidrantes, alarma Words with suffi xes: preparados, cargaban, mayores, rápidamente. Photos, some historical, some of reenactments, that support the text Section headings indicate content Color and black and white photographs match text on each page Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

2 Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos by Lena Crawford Build Background Help children use their knowledge of firefighting to visualize the book. Build interest by asking questions such as the following: Alguna vez visitaron una estación de bomberos? Qué les llamó la atención del lugar? Read the title and author and talk about the cover illustration. Tell students that this book gives factual information about firefighting long ago and today. Introduce the Text Guide children through the text, noting important ideas, and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary. Here are some suggestions: Pages 2 3: Explain that this book tells about how people of the past fought fi res and how fi res are fought today. Read the heading, La vida en Estados Unidos mucho tiempo atrás, and have children study the pictures closely. Suggested language: Qué cosas les llaman la atención de cómo vivía la gente mucho tiempo atrás? Cómo calefaccionaban las casas? En el siglo XVIII, no había invenciones como las cocinas de gas o las lámparas eléctricas. Ese tipo de tecnología todavía no se había inventado. Page 4: Explain that the picture shows one of the fi rst fi re engines used in America. La persona que la diseñó dedicó mucho tiempo a pensar cómo podía usarse. Cómo creen que hacían los bomberos para llevarla hasta un incendio? Esta máquina contra incendios se diseñó para ser tirada por hombres. Page 8: Read the heading, Apagar incendios de ahora. Qué diferencias hay entre este camión de bomberos y el carro de la página 4? Page 13: Point out that the statue shows fi refi ghters at work. Por qué motivo una ciudad construiría una estatua en honor a los bomberos? Eso demuestra que los habitantes de esa ciudad quisieron homenajear a estos héroes notables que los protegen. Los bomberos son personas notables. Su coraje sorprende a todos! Ahora, vuelvan al comienzo del libro para descubrir quiénes fueron los primeros que combatieron los incendios y cómo fue cambiando su trabajo a lo largo de los años. Target Vocabulary cantidad cuánto hay de algo, p. 9 componer unir palabras y notas musicales y volcarlas en un papel, p. 13 diseñar planear el aspecto o la forma de funcionamiento de algo, p. 4 invento máquina u objeto que alguien crea por primera vez, p.2 lograr ser capaz de hacer algo después de realizar cierto esfuerzo, p. 7 logro algo que alguien es capaz de hacer después de cierto esfuerzo, p. 7 notable muy inusual o que llama mucho la atención, p. 13 resultado algo que se obtiene como consecuencia de un hecho anterior, p. 5 2 Lesson 30: Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos

3 Read Have children read Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos silently while you listen to individual children read. Support their problem solving and fluency as needed. Remind children to use the Visualize Strategy happening as they read., and to picture what is Discuss and Revisit the Text Personal Response Invite children to share their personal responses to the book. Suggested language: Qué aprendieron sobre las tareas para combatir los incendios? Les gustaría tener un trabajo tan peligroso cuando crezcan? Por qué sí? Por qué no? Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, help children understand these points: Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text Benjamín Franklin started the first fire brigade in Philadelphia. The first fire engines were pushed and pulled by men. Later, horses were used to pull them. Today s firefighters both men and women have modern equipment and uniforms. Fires have always been a danger. Firefighting technology and methods have changed so much over time, it s almost impossible to predict what firefighting will be like in the future. Firefighters are inspiring public heroes because they risk their lives to save ordinary people Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. The section headings give a good idea of what information will be covered. The photos and other illustrations from the past and the present bring the text to life. The author includes lots of details about firefighting equipment and methods that make the book more realistic. Choices for Further Support Fluency Invite children to choose a passage from the text and demonstrate phrased fl uent reading. Remind them to vary their reading speed, slowing down for diffi cult text and speeding up when text is less diffi cult. Comprehension Based on your observations of the children s reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind children to go back to the text to support their ideas. Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Guide children to take apart and make words with a variety of endings ( ado, aban, es, mente) and discuss changes in spelling and meaning. Examples from the text include preparados, cargaban, mayores, rápidamente. 3 Lesson 30: Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos

4 Writing about Reading Critical Thinking Have children complete the questions on Hoja reproducible Responding Have children complete the activities at the back of the book. Use the instruction below as needed to reinforce or extend understanding of the comprehension skill. Target Comprehension Skill Compare and Contrast Remind children that they can compare and contrast by telling how text details are alike and different. Model the skill, using a Think Aloud like the one below: Think Aloud Usen detalles del texto para averiguar en qué se parecen y en qué se diferencian los carros de bomberos de las páginas 4 y 6. En la página 4, el texto dice que los bomberos tiraban o empujaban la máquina hasta el lugar del incendio. La máquina de la página 6 era tirada por caballos. Una de las diferencias es la forma de mover las máquinas. Cuáles son las similitudes? Las dos sirven para extinguir incendios. Usen esta información para completar un diagrama como el que aparece en la página 15 del libro. Practice the Skill Have children share an example of another book in which they compared and contrasted things from the past and the present. Writing Prompt: Thinking Beyond the Text Have children write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think beyond the text, they use what they know and their own experience to think about what happens in the story. Assessment Prompts Which words on page 5 help the reader understand the meaning of the term brigada de incendio? What is the author s purpose in writing this selection? 4 Lesson 30: Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos

5 Responder DESTREZA CLAVE Comparar y contrastar Compara la extinción de incendios mucho tiempo atrás con la de hoy. Copia y completa este diagrama de Venn. Antes Ambos Ahora Los bomberos usaban baldes de cuero.???? A escribir! El texto y el mundo Piensas que los bomberos deben ir a un incendio a caballo o en camiones? Escribe un párrafo que explique tu opinión. Asegúrate de usar palabras y frases de opinión, tales como deben, yo pienso, yo siento, etc. Nombre Fecha Lección 30 HOJA REPRODUCIBLE Lee y contesta las preguntas. Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos 2_046143_LR6_5OL_BOMBER_L30.indd /20/09 3:38:46 PM 1. Qué hace la gente cuando hay un incendio ahora? Llama al 911 para pedir ayuda. 2. Qué tipo de personas crees que serían buenos bomberos? Respuesta posible: Los buenos bomberos son valientes, fuertes y se preocupan por los demás. 3. Qué tenía de especial la Compañía Unión contra Incendios? Respuesta posible: Fue el primer cuerpo de bomberos del país. Hacer conexiones Los bomberos ayudan a los demás. En qué otros tipos de trabajos la gente ayuda a los demás? Qué hacen estos trabajadores? Escribe tu respuesta en tu Cuaderno de lectura. Lea las instrucciones a los niños.. All rights reserved. 9 Grado 2, Unidad 6: Qué sorpresa! 2_352893RTXSAN_U06_LR_CT.indd 9 9/11/09 7:19:56 AM 5 Lesson 30: Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos

6 Nombre Fecha Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos Pensar más allá del texto Piensa en las siguientes preguntas. Después, escribe uno o dos párrafos. Imagina que eres periodista de un periódico. Escribe un artículo sobre cómo deberían honrar a los bomberos los que viven en tu comunidad. Incluye un título y da ejemplos que demuestren la valentía y la importancia de los bomberos. Usa hechos que aparecen en el libro para escribir tu artículo. 6 Lesson 30: Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos

7 Nombre Lee y contesta las preguntas. Fecha Lección 30 HOJA REPRODUCIBLE 30.7 Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos 1. Qué hace la gente cuando hay un incendio ahora? 2. Qué tipo de personas crees que serían buenos bomberos? 3. Qué tenía de especial la Compañía Unión contra Incendios? Hacer conexiones Los bomberos ayudan a los demás. En qué otros tipos de trabajos la gente ayuda a los demás? Qué hacen estos trabajadores? Escribe tu respuesta en tu Cuaderno de lectura. 7 Lesson 30: Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos

8 Estudiante Fecha Lección 30 HOJA REPRODUCIBLE Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos N I V E L L Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos Registro de lectura page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections 2 Durante el siglo XVIII, Estados Unidos era muy diferente. No había calles pavimentadas o edificios altos. La mayor parte de la gente era agricultora y montaba a caballo para ir de un lugar a otro. La gente no tenía muchos de los inventos que tenemos hoy. Por ejemplo, no había cocinas de gas. No había lámparas eléctricas tampoco. La gente, en su lugar, usaba el fuego. Ellos cocinaban los alimentos en chimeneas y usaban velas para alumbrar sus casas. 3 Sin embargo, los incendios causaban grandes problemas. Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/86 100) % Total Self- Corrections Behavior Code Error Read word correctly lobo 0 Repeated word, sentence, or phrase lobo Omission lobo 1 0 Behavior Code Error Substitution lodo lobo 1 Self-corrects lodo sc lobo Insertion el ˆlobo 1 Word told T 1 lobo 0 ISBN-13: ISBN-10: Lesson 30: Los primeros bomberos de Estados Unidos

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